Study title

Non-probability: Quota

Non-probability Sample: Quota Sample 7436 responses were collected, around 1500 by country. Out of these, 6.6% respondents were excluded after failing on various quality control criteria - age, testing time, ability test, consistency of answers, answers on quality control questions, incomplete responses. An aggregate quality indicator was constructed based on these criteria and respondents with poor response quality were removed from the datasets. Thus, in the final sample there are 1.314 French respondents, 1.240 Japanese respondents, 1.380 Spanish respondents, 1.538 German respondents and 1.452 Polish respondents. The sample was a convenience sample and is therefore unrepresentative of the populations in the countries concerned. Quotas were used to ensure a gender and age distribution that broadly represented national´s census data. Criteria for quality control and exclusion Quality control was undertaken using the following 8 criteria: - Testing time - excluding those that answered in less than 6 minutes and marking those who had finished in between 6-8 minutes (1 point); - Age - excluding those younger than 16 and older than 65; - Ability test results (2 criteria) - marking those that repeatedly answered “don’t know” or that did not have single correct answer (1 point for each of the two criteria); - Quality control items (3 criteria) - marking those that failed one, two or all three quality control answers (1 point for each failed quality control item); - Consistency in answering – marking those that gave the same answers to four pairs of opposing/reverse questions (e.g. “Is neat” vs. “Is messy”; or “Is talkative” vs. “Tends to be quiet”). In the end an overall quality indicator (named ´quality´) was compiled combining all these individual criteria. Non-complete cases as well as duplicates were excluded from the database.