Study title

England, Wales

Individual

Household

We utilised four existing data sources and accessed these via the UK Data Service Secure Lab. These were: the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW); the UK Census; the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD); and Understanding Society. Data from these sources were linked (via geographical identifiers under Special Licence conditions) to provide a detailed picture of individual-, household-, and area-level characteristics in England and Wales.There were a range of variables selected from each of the datasets. Data relating to individual and household characteristics (e.g. sex, ethnicity, marital status, household income, number of adults and children in the household etc.) as well as whether the respondent had experienced or witnessed anti-social behaviour was taken from the CSEW. Variables were also extracted from the CSEW ‘Anti-Social Behaviour module’ which collects information regarding the type of ASB experienced as well as (if applicable) frequency of victimisation, satisfaction with police response, impact on daily routine and quality of life. The CSEW is, by general agreement, the best victimisation data source in existence internationally. The survey has been conducted since 1982 and currently samples approximately 35,000 respondents each year. The CSEW uses a stratified multi-stage partially clustered cross-section sample design (TNS BMRB, 2014).Understanding Society is a longitudinal study of households in the UK with a representative sample of approximately 40,000 (reducing to around 30,000 when focusing on England and Wales). It began in 2009 building on the well-respected British Household Panel Survey. It gathers data from household members aged 10 and over on an annual basis and is the largest study of its kind in the world. In relation to adults, Understanding Society consists of a household questionnaire and an individual questionnaire (which includes a self-completion element). Variables (mean-aggregated to the Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) level) relating to social cohesion were taken from this data source namely, neighbourhood closeness; willingness to help others; neighbourhood trust; and how well neighbours get along.In relation to the IMD, deprivation scores for each of the seven domains as well as the overarching relative deprivation ‘ranking’ were used. Finally, with regard the Census, a number of key statistics were extracted, namely religion, country of birth, national identity, social class, age, proportion of young people in the area and proportion of students in the area.