Study title

An hourly dynamic model was set up to simulate the water quality along a 12 km stretch of an urban river in Birmingham (River Rea). The model was tested over a two year period and then used to simulate the beneficial impact of establishing tree coverage either uniformly within the catchment area or targeted along the river banks. In achieving this, the process-based approach represents (1) the impacts of pollutant uptake from runoff by trees and (2) the light attenuation by canopies reducing the solar radiation reaching the water column which cools the river and slows down eutrophication and oxygen consumption. See metadata file for specific details.Global ambitions to reduce environmental impacts of cities through sustainable urbanisation are likely to be undermined under future climate conditions. There is an urgent need to consider proposed solutions in an integrated manner in terms of the resulting air, soil and water quality, to evaluate the consequences for ecosystem services, and to make the assessments at both local and regional scales. In urban environments increasingly vulnerable to climate change, it is argued that the process of planning effective mitigation (for example of flooding) must include assessment of a range of innovative nature-based and technical-natural solutions evaluated against multiple criteria. Whilst specific solutions might be beneficial at small scale in single domains, what is less tractable are the likely co-benefits or trade-offs in other domains or within a wider urban and peri-urban context. The benefits to people come about through flows of air and water through urban landscapes, so understanding scale and context for both social and natural systems are essential to effective planning for liveable cities. Our project focuses on identifying holistic multi-domain solutions and evaluating their overall effectiveness at various scales in case study systems, primarily in China but also in Europe. It will make use of new and...