Study title

Answers to cognitive probes implemented in (cross-national) web surveys ("web probing") (1) Replication of closed-ended items on attitudes towards immigrants from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP), addition of a follow-up probe: Immigrants increase crime rates. Immigrants are generally good for Germany’s economy. Immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in Germany. Immigrants improve German society by bringing in new ideas and cultures. Probe after each item (split): Which type of immigrants were you thinking of when you answered the question? The study and results are described in detail here: Braun, Michael, Dorothée Behr, and Lars Kaczmirek. 2013. "Assessing cross-national equivalence of measures of xenophobia: evidence from probing in web surveys." International Journal of Public Opinion Research 25 (3): 383-395. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/eds034. (2) Replication of item on civil disobedience from the ISSP, addition of a follow-up probe: How important is it that citizens may engage in acts of civil disobedience when they oppose government actions? (Not at all important 1 ... Very important 7) Probe: What ideas do you associate with the phrase "civil disobedience"? Please give examples. The study and results are described in detail here: Behr, Dorothée, Michael Braun, Lars Kaczmirek, and Wolfgang Bandilla. 2014. "Item comparability in cross-national surveys: results from asking probing questions in cross-national web surveys about attitudes towards civil disobedience." Quality & Quantity 48 (1): 127-148. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-012-9754-8.