2026-06-06T13:37:52Z https://datacatalogue.cessda.eu/oai-pmh/v0/oai

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DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 8156 Millennium Cohort Study: Age 14, Sweep 6, 2015 815610.5255/UKDA-SN-8156-8 University of London, Institute of Education, Centre for Longitudinal Studies Copyright Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute Department for Work and PensionsDepartment of HealthDepartment for Education and SkillsDepartment for TransportUnited States. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNorthern Ireland ExecutiveScottish GovernmentWelsh Assembly GovernmentEconomic and Social Research Council UK Data Service 02 May 2017 SEXLEARNING DIFFICULTIESWORK AT HOMECIVIL STATUSBOOK USECHRONIC ILLNESSINTERNET USEETHNIC GROUPSQUALIFICATIONSOPEN SPACES AND RECREATIONAL AREASSCHOOLTEACHERSSPOUSESPARENTSDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGYWIDOWEDEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENTSAVINGSREADING (ACTIVITY)FOSTER PARENTSEDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENTSAGEILL HEALTHSMOKINGOVERTIMERELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONHOMELESSNESSINTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHOUSING CONDITIONSHEALTHPERSONAL CONTACTHOSPITALIZATIONSELF-EMPLOYEDEDUCATIONINCOMEMATERNITY LEAVEPRIMARY EDUCATIONEMPLOYMENT HISTORYFRIENDSEMPLOYEESMULTIPLE BIRTHSSINGLE-SEX SCHOOLSLANGUAGESSCHOOL PUNISHMENTSDYSLEXIABEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMSPHYSICAL ACTIVITIESCYCLINGEXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIESTELEVISION VIEWINGPUBERTYPARENTAL LEAVEARRANGEMENT OF WORKING TIMEABILITY EVALUATIONALCOHOL USELANGUAGES USED AT HOMELEARNINGDEPRESSIONSOCIAL ATTITUDESPRIVATE SCHOOLSEDUCATIONAL FEESCARE OF DEPENDANTSVISION IMPAIRMENTSPHYSICAL MOBILITYACADEMIC ABILITYABILITY GROUPINGGIFTED STUDENTSPARENTAL ENCOURAGEMENTCLASS SIZEEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENTCHILDRENFAMILIESPATERNITY LEAVEFOSTER CHILDRENHOURS OF WORKDIGITAL GAMESSOCIAL MEDIAINTERNET ACCESSPOCKET MONEYPARENTAL DEPRIVATIONOCCUPATIONSHAPPINESSGRANDPARENTSPARTNERSHIP HISTORY (PERSONAL)HOUSINGSELF-ESTEEMHEIGHT (PHYSIOLOGY)RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCEACCIDENTSPARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIPMOTOR VEHICLESHOUSEHOLDSECONOMIC ACTIVITYCHILD BEHAVIOURHOME OWNERSHIPWEIGHT (PHYSIOLOGY)READING SKILLSMOTHERSLITERACYPARENTAL ROLEHEARING IMPAIRMENTSCHILD NUTRITIONCOHABITATIONEMOTIONAL STATESSUPERVISORY STATUSCOMPUTERSSPEECHATTITUDESINJURIESCHILD DEVELOPMENTINDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENTWAGESFINANCIAL RESOURCESVOTING BEHAVIOURUNDERAGE DRINKINGSIBLINGSHOUSING TENUREPLACE OF BIRTHPERSONAL DEBT REPAYMENTCARSMORAL VALUESEDUCATIONAL LEVELSSTATUS IN EMPLOYMENTEDUCATIONAL CHOICESECONDARY SCHOOLSSURGERYENURESISMEDICINAL DRUGSFREE SCHOOL MEALSANTHROPOMETRIC DATAFRUITTANTRUMSSOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUSSUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENTRENTSMORTGAGESHOUSEHOLD PETSRURAL AREASURBAN AREASPARENT PARTICIPATIONEDUCATIONAL TESTSRESIDENTIAL MOBILITYASTHMAEDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDFATHERSCHILD CARENUMERACYPRIVATE GARDENSMEMORYCOGNITIVE PROCESSESDECISION MAKINGDISABILITIESASPIRATIONTUTORINGSTUDENT TRANSPORTATIONSOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITSSICKNESS AND DISABILITY BENEFITSCARERS' BENEFITSINSURANCEPENSIONSFAMILY BENEFITSHOUSING BENEFITSPAYMENTSINVESTMENTDEBTSHEALTH STATUS Labour and employmentTime useEducationSocial behaviour and attitudesHealth behaviourGeneral health and well-beingIncome, property and investment/savingChildrenFamily life and marriage Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.Background: The Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) is a large-scale, multi-purpose longitudinal dataset providing information about babies born at the beginning of the 21st century, their progress through life, and the families who are bringing them up, for the four countries of the United Kingdom. The original objectives of the first MCS survey, as laid down in the proposal to the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) in March 2000, were:<ul><li>to chart the initial conditions of social, economic and health advantages and disadvantages facing children born at the start of the 21st century, capturing information that the research community of the future will require</li><li>to provide a basis for comparing patterns of development with the preceding cohorts (the National Child Development Study, held at the UK Data Archive under GN 33004, and the 1970 Birth Cohort Study, held under GN 33229)</li><li>to collect information on previously neglected topics, such as fathers' involvement in children's care and development</li><li>to focus on parents as the most immediate elements of the children's 'background', charting their experience as mothers and fathers of newborn babies in the year 2000, recording how they (and any other children in the family) adapted to the newcomer, and what their aspirations for her/his future may be</li><li>to emphasise intergenerational links including those back to the parents' own childhood</li><li>to investigate the wider social ecology of the family, including social networks, civic engagement and community facilities and services, splicing in geo-coded data when available</li></ul>Additional objectives subsequently included for MCS were:<ul><li>to provide control cases for the national evaluation of Sure Start (a government programme intended to alleviate child poverty and social exclusion)</li><li>to provide samples of adequate size to analyse and compare the smaller countries of the United Kingdom, and include disadvantaged areas of England</li></ul>Further information about the MCS can be found on the <a href="https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/cls-studies/millennium-cohort-study/" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Centre for Longitudinal Studies</a> web pages.The content of MCS studies, including questions, topics and variables can be explored via the <a href="https://discovery.closer.ac.uk/item/uk.cls.mcs/0d8a7220-c61b-4542-967d-a40cb5aca430">CLOSER Discovery</a> website.  The first sweep (MCS1) interviewed both mothers and (where resident) fathers (or father-figures) of infants included in the sample when the babies were nine months old, and the second sweep (MCS2) was carried out with the same respondents when the children were three years of age. The third sweep (MCS3) was conducted in 2006, when the children were aged five years old, the fourth sweep (MCS4) in 2008, when they were seven years old, the fifth sweep (MCS5) in 2012-2013, when they were eleven years old, the sixth sweep (MCS6) in 2015, when they were fourteen years old, and the seventh sweep (MCS7) in 2018, when they were seventeen years old. Safeguarded versions of MCS studies: The Safeguarded versions of MCS1, MCS2, MCS3, MCS4, MCS5, MCS6 and MCS7 are held under UK Data Archive SNs 4683, 5350, 5795, 6411, 7464, 8156 and 8682 respectively. The longitudinal family file is held under SN 8172. Polygenic Indices Polygenic indices are available under Special Licence SN 9437. Derived summary scores have been created that combine the estimated effects of many different genes on a specific trait or characteristic, such as a person's risk of Alzheimer's disease, asthma, substance abuse, or mental health disorders, for example. These polygenic scores can be combined with existing survey data to offer a more nuanced understanding of how cohort members' outcomes may be shaped.  Sub-sample studies: Some studies based on sub-samples of MCS have also been conducted, including a study of MCS respondent mothers who had received assisted fertility treatment, conducted in 2003 (see EUL SN 5559). Also, birth registration and maternity hospital episodes for the MCS respondents are held as a separate dataset (see EUL SN 5614). Release of Sweeps 1 to 4 to Long Format (Summer 2020) To support longitudinal research and make it easier to compare data from different time points, all data from across all sweeps is now in a consistent format. The update affects the data from sweeps 1 to 4 (from 9 months to 7 years), which are updated from the old/wide to a new/long format to match the format of data of sweeps 5 and 6 (age 11 and 14 sweeps). The old/wide formatted datasets contained one row per family with multiple variables for different respondents. The new/long formatted datasets contain one row per respondent (per parent or per cohort member) for each MCS family. Additional updates have been made to all sweeps to harmonise variable labels and enhance anonymisation.   How to access genetic and/or bio-medical sample data from a range of longitudinal surveys: For information on how to access biomedical data from MCS that are not held at the UKDS, see the <a href="https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/data-access-training/genetic-data-and-biological-samples/" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CLS Genetic data and biological samples</a> webpage. Secure Access datasets: Secure Access versions of the MCS have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard Safeguarded Licence or Special Licence (see 'Access data' tab above). Secure Access versions of the MCS include:<ul><li>detailed sensitive variables not available under EUL. These have been grouped thematically and are held under SN 8753 (socio-economic, accommodation and occupational data), SN 8754 (self-reported health, behaviour and fertility), SN 8755 (demographics, language and religion) and SN 8756 (exact participation dates). These files replace previously available studies held under SNs 8456 and 8622-8627 </li><li>detailed geographical identifier files which are grouped by sweep held under SN 7758 (MCS1), SN 7759 (MCS2), SN 7760 (MCS3), SN 7761 (MCS4), SN 7762 (MCS5 2001 Census Boundaries), SN 7763 (MCS5 2011 Census Boundaries), SN 8231 (MCS6 2001 Census Boundaries), SN 8232 (MCS6 2011 Census Boundaries), SN 8757 (MCS7), SN 8758 (MCS7 2001 Census Boundaries) and SN 8759 (MCS7 2011 Census Boundaries). These files replace previously available files grouped by geography SN 7049 (Ward level), SN 7050 (Lower Super Output Area level), and SN 7051 (Output Area level)</li><li>linked education administrative datasets for Key Stages 1, 2, 4 and 5 held under SN 8481 (England).  This replaces previously available datasets for Key Stage 1 (SN 6862) and Key Stage 2 (SN 7712) </li><li>linked education administrative datasets for Key Stage 1 held under SN 7414 (Scotland)</li><li>linked education administrative dataset for Key Stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 under SN 9085 (Wales) </li><li>linked NHS Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW) for MCS1 – MCS5 held under SN 8302</li><li>linked Scottish Medical Records data held under SNs 8709, 8710, 8711, 8712, 8713 and 8714;</li><li>Banded Distances to English Grammar Schools for MCS5 held under SN 8394</li><li>linked Health Administrative Datasets (Hospital Episode Statistics) for England for years 2000-2019 held under SN 9030</li><li>linked Hospital of Birth data held under SN 5724.</li></ul>The linked education administrative datasets held under SNs 8481,7414 and 9085 may be ordered alongside the MCS detailed geographical identifier files only if sufficient justification is provided in the application.  Researchers applying for access to the Secure Access MCS datasets should indicate on their ESRC Accredited Researcher application form the EUL dataset(s) that they also wish to access (selected from the MCS Series <a href="https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/series/series?id=2000031#!/access-data" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Access</a> web page).SN 8156 - Millennium Cohort Study: Age 14, Sweep 6, 2015 The sixth sweep of the Millennium Cohort Study was carried out when the cohort members were 14 years old. As 14 is a key transitional age, the sweep was purposefully ambitious in the breadth and scope of its contents. It included: an interview (CAPI and CASI) with the main parent and their partner (where relevant); a self-completion interview with the cohort members; cognitive assessments for the main parent, the partner and the cohort member; DNA collection of the cohort member and natural parents in the household; physical measurements of the cohort member; placement of a time use diary with the cohort member; placement of an accelerometer with the cohort member. Latest edition information For the eighth edition (September 2025), three new harmonised Time Use Diary data files (calendar format, episode level and derived variables) have been added to the study, along with an updated user guide. These files replace previously available data and documentation.Main Topics: The files contained in the MCS6 study comprise data from the Parental Interview(s), the Household Grid, child measurement and assessment and the cohort member self-completion questionnaire. The Parent Interview file(s) comprises data from the Main Respondent, Partner Respondent and Proxy Respondent questionnaires, which covered household information; family context; education, schooling and childcare; child and family activities; parenting activities; child's health; parent's health; employment, income and education; housing and local area; and other matters. The Household Grid file comprises demographic data on households and additional derived variables. The Child Assessments and Measurement files include cognitive and physical measurements, a decision-making task (officially named the Cambridge Gambling task); height; weight; and waist circumference and body fat measurement. The Cohort Member self-completion was given to all participant children and conducted on a tablet. January 2015 - April 201601 January 201531 March 2016 United Kingdom IndividualsFamilies/householdsNational The sample population for MCS was drawn from all live births in the United Kingdom over 12 months (from 1 September 2000 in England and Wales and for 59 weeks from 22 November 2000 in Scotland and Northern Ireland). Numeric Longitudinal/panel/cohort Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interviewSelf-administered questionnairePsychological measurements and testsObservationDiariesPhysical measurements and tests The Data Collection is available to UK Data Service registered users subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">End User Licence Agreement</a>.Commercial use of the data requires approval from the data owner or their nominee. The UK Data Service will contact you.Personal/genealogical use of these data is not permitted. Additional conditions of use apply:I agree not to use nor attempt to use the Data Collections to identify the individuals from which the study sample was selected, nor to claim to have done so; andI agree not to link between the research identifiers supplied by the UK Data Service [MCSID] and any other identifiers previously issued. See <restrctn> https://www.bibliography.cls.ucl.ac.uk/ https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/cls-studies/millennium-cohort-study/ https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/publications-and-resources/ https://discovery.closer.ac.uk/item/uk.cls.mcs/0d8a7220-c61b-4542-967d-a40cb5aca430 https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=6073 https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=7942 https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=853075 https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=853326 https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/case-study/the-effect-of-infertility-and-its-treatment-on-child-health-and-development/ https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/case-study/does-premature-birth-affect-a-childs-long-term-health-or-development/ https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/case-study/what-predicts-our-level-of-well-being/ https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/case-study/parenting-and-contact-before-and-after-separation/ https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=8550 https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=8306 https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=8881 https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=855087 Smyth, E. and I. Privalko (2022) 'The long road to secondary school: background, home learning environment and transition difficulties', ESRI Research Bulletin 202209, Dublin https://www.esri.ie/publications/the-long-road-to-secondary-school-background-home-learning-environment-and-0 Smyth, E. and Duta, A. (2022) 'Inequalities in children’s skills on primary school entry in Ireland and Scotland: do home learning environment and early childhood childcare explain these differences?', Longitudinal and Life Course Studies. doi:10.1332/175795921X16591139653249 https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16591139653249 Alterman N., Johnson S., Carson C., Petrou S., Kurinzcuk J.J., Macfarlane A., Boyle E. and Quigley M.A. (2022) 'Gestational age at birth and academic attainment in primary and secondary school in England: evidence from a national cohort study', PLoS One. 2022;17:e0271952 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0271952 Black, M., Adjei, N.K., Strong, M., Barnes, A., Jordan, H. and Taylor-Robinson, D. 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(2017) 'OP38 Ethnic differences in childhood height trajectories and the role of early life factors: evidence from the UK millennium cohort study', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 71, Suppl 1, A20, https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-SSMAbstracts.38. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-SSMAbstracts.38 Briole, S., Le Forner, H. and Lepinteur, A. (2020) 'Children’s socio-emotional skills: Is there a quantity-quality trade-off?', Labour Economics, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101811 Lu, Y., Pearce, A. and Li, L. (2018) 'Early-life rapid weight gain and child-to-adolescent BMI trajectories: UK Millennium Cohort Study', European Journal of Public Health, 28, S4, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky213.344 ·. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky213.344 · Lu, Y., Pearce, A. and Li, L. 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