<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type='text/xsl' href='/oai/static/oai2.xsl' ?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd">
  <responseDate>2026-05-25T00:31:56Z</responseDate>
  <request identifier="fe3b3c5c39d7a73adbc85c708c9f303e402ac1db48c6c70c2fbc5a36475353b1" metadataPrefix="oai_ddi25" verb="GetRecord">https://datacatalogue.cessda.eu/oai-pmh/v0/oai</request>
  <GetRecord>
    <record>
    <header>
      <identifier>fe3b3c5c39d7a73adbc85c708c9f303e402ac1db48c6c70c2fbc5a36475353b1</identifier>
      <datestamp>2025-06-17T02:53:46Z</datestamp>
      <setSpec>language:en</setSpec><setSpec>openaire_data</setSpec>
    </header>
      <metadata>
        <codeBook xmlns="ddi:codebook:2_5" version="2.5" xsi:schemaLocation="ddi:codebook:2_5 http://www.ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-Codebook/2.5/XMLSchema/codebook.xsd">
    <docDscr>
      <citation>
        <titlStmt>
          <titl xml:lang="en">DDI study level documentation for study ZA2570 Comparative Manifestos Project  (Programmatic Profiles of Political Parties in 20 Countries, 1945-1988)</titl>
        </titlStmt>
        <prodStmt>
        </prodStmt>
        <holdings xml:lang="en" URI="https://search.gesis.org/research_data/ZA2570?lang=en"/><holdings xml:lang="de" URI="https://search.gesis.org/research_data/ZA2570?lang=de"/>
      </citation>
    </docDscr>
  <stdyDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl xml:lang="en">Comparative Manifestos Project  (Programmatic Profiles of Political Parties in 20 Countries, 1945-1988)</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="de">Comparative Manifestos Project (Programmatic Profiles of Political Parties in 20 Countries, 1945-1988)</parTitl>
        <IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="GESIS">ZA2570, Version 1.0.0</IDNo><IDNo xml:lang="de" agency="GESIS">ZA2570, Version 1.0.0</IDNo><IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="DOI">10.4232/1.2570</IDNo><IDNo xml:lang="de" agency="DOI">10.4232/1.2570</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Essex" xml:lang="en">Budge, Ian
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Essex" xml:lang="de">Budge, Ian
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Exeter" xml:lang="en">Hearl, Derek J.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Exeter" xml:lang="de">Hearl, Derek J.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin" xml:lang="en">Klingemann, Hans-Dieter
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin" xml:lang="de">Klingemann, Hans-Dieter
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="St. Hugh´s College, Oxford" xml:lang="en">Robertson, David R.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="St. Hugh´s College, Oxford" xml:lang="de">Robertson, David R.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin" xml:lang="en">Volkens, Andrea
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin" xml:lang="de">Volkens, Andrea
        </AuthEnty>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <prodDate xml:lang="en"/>
      </prodStmt>
      <distStmt>
        <distrbtr abbr="GESIS" URI="http://www.gesis.org/" xml:lang="en">GESIS Data Archive for the Social Sciences</distrbtr><distrbtr abbr="GESIS" URI="http://www.gesis.org/" xml:lang="de">GESIS Datenarchiv für Sozialwissenschaften</distrbtr>
        <distDate xml:lang="en" date="1995"/><distDate xml:lang="de" date="1995"/>
      </distStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="1995" xml:lang="en"/><version date="1995" xml:lang="de"/>
      </verStmt>
      <holdings xml:lang="en" URI="https://search.gesis.org/research_data/ZA2570?lang=en"/><holdings xml:lang="de" URI="https://search.gesis.org/research_data/ZA2570?lang=de"/>
    </citation>
    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=en-4.0">SOCIETY AND CULTURE</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="de" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=de-4.0.1">GESELLSCHAFT UND KULTUR</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=en-4.0">International politics and organisations</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="de" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=de-4.0.1">Internationale Politik und Internationale Organisationen</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=en-4.0">Conflict, security and peace</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="de" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=de-4.0.1">Konflikte, Sicherheit und Frieden</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=en-4.0">Political ideology</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="de" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=de-4.0.1">Politische Ideologie</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=en-4.0">Government, political systems and organisations</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="de" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=de-4.0.1">Regierung, politische Systeme, Parteien und Organisationen</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=en-4.0">SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND GROUPINGS</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="de" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=de-4.0.1">SOZIALE SCHICHTUNG UND GRUPPIERUNGEN</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=en-4.0">Economic systems and development</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="de" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=de-4.0.1">Wirtschaftssysteme und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung</topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">Content analysis of 1018 election programs in 20 countries.  Topics: Content analysts formed 56 topic categories that can be summarized in seven political areas. On the basis of the number of sentences or partial sentences on the individual categories percent proportions were obtained and recorded as the data of this data set.  1. Foreign relations: special relations with other countries; Anti-Imperialism; attitude to military; peace; internationalism; European Community.  2. Peace and democracy: peace and human rights; democracy; position on the constitution of the country.  3. Political system: centralism; decentralism; efficiency of the government and administration; political corruption; political authority.  4. Economy: free entrepreneurs; incentive system; market regulation; planned economy; cooperation; protectionism; economic goals; demand-oriented economic policy; productivity; technology and infrastructure; control function of the government; nationalization; Marxism; anti-growth policies.  5. Welfare and quality of life: environmental protection; culture; social justice; expansion or limitation of the welfare state; limitation or expansion of the education system.  6. Patriotism or nationalism; stress on traditional values; law and order; social balance and harmony; multiculturism.  7. Social groups: special orientation to workers, farmers or the middle class as well as groups of the upper class; reference to underprivileged minorities; mention of non-economic demographic groups such as women, old people or young people.</abstract><abstract xml:lang="de">Inhaltsanalyse von 1018 Wahlprogrammen in 20 Ländern.  Themen: Von den Inhaltsanalytikern wurden 56 Themenkategorien, die zu sieben politischen Bereichen zusammengefaßt werden können, gebildet. Auf der Basis der Anzahl der Sätze bzw. Halbsätze zu den einzelnen Kategorien wurden Prozentanteile ermittelt und als Daten dieses Datensatzes erfaßt.  1.) Ausländische Beziehungen: Besondere Beziehungen zu anderen Ländern; Anti-Imperialismus; Einstellung zum Militär; Frieden; Internationalismus; Europäische Gemeinschaft.  2.) Frieden und Demokratie: Frieden und Menschenrechte; Demokratie; Position zur Verfassung des Landes.  3.) Politisches System: Zentralismus; Dezentralismus; Effektivität der Regierung und der Verwaltung; politische Korruption; politische Autorität.  4.) Wirtschaft: Freies Unternehmertum; Anreizsystem; Marktregulierung; Planwirtschaft; Zusammenarbeit; Protektionismus; ökonomische Ziele; nachfrageorientierte Wirtschaftspolitik; Produktivität; Technologie und Infrastruktur; Kontrollfunktion der Regierung; Verstaatlichung; Marxismus; Antiwachstumspolitik.  5.) Wohlfahrt und Lebensqualität: Umweltschutz; Kultur; soziale Gerechtigkeit; Expansion oder Begrenzung des Wohlfahrtsstaats; Begrenzung oder Expansion der Bildungsversorgung.  6.) Patriotismus bzw. Nationalismus; Betonung traditioneller Werte; Law and Order; sozialer Ausgleich und Harmonie; Multikulturismus.  7.) Soziale Gruppen: Besondere Ausrichtung auf Arbeiter, Landwirte oder Mittelklasse sowie Gruppen der oberen Klasse; Bezugnahme auf unterprivilegierte Minoritäten; Ansprache von nicht ökonomischen demographischen Gruppen wie Frauen, alte Menschen oder junge Leute.</abstract>
      <sumDscr>
        <collDate xml:lang="en" date="1945" event="start"/><collDate xml:lang="en" date="1988" event="end"/>
        <nation xml:lang="en" abbr="AU">Australia</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="AU">Australien</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="AT">Austria</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="AT">Österreich</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="BE">Belgium</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="BE">Belgien</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="CA">Canada</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="CA">Kanada</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="DE">Germany</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="DE">Deutschland</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="DK">Denmark</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="DK">Dänemark</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="FR">France</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="FR">Frankreich</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="IE">Ireland</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="IE">Irland</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="IL">Israel</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="IL">Israel</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="IT">Italy</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="IT">Italien</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="JP">Japan</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="JP">Japan</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="LU">Luxembourg</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="LU">Luxemburg</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="NL">Netherlands</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="NL">Niederlande</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="NZ">New Zealand</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="NZ">Neuseeland</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="NO">Norway</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="NO">Norwegen</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="SE">Sweden</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="SE">Schweden</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="GB">United Kingdom</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="GB">Vereinigtes Königreich</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="US">United States of America</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="US">Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="LK">Sri Lanka</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="LK">Sri Lanka</nation>
      </sumDscr>
    </stdyInfo>
    <method>
      <dataColl>
        <sampProc xml:lang="en">Census<concept/></sampProc><sampProc xml:lang="de">Totalerhebung<concept/></sampProc>
        <collMode xml:lang="en">Content analysis of election programs<concept/></collMode><collMode xml:lang="de">Inhaltsanalyse von Wahlprogrammen<concept/></collMode>
      </dataColl>
    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <useStmt>
        <restrctn xml:lang="en">A - Data and documents are released for academic research and teaching.</restrctn><restrctn xml:lang="de">A - Daten und Dokumente sind für die akademische Forschung und Lehre freigegeben.</restrctn>
      </useStmt>
    </dataAccs>
    <othrStdyMat>
    </othrStdyMat>
  </stdyDscr>
  <fileDscr>
  </fileDscr>
</codeBook>
      </metadata>
      <about>
        <provenance xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/provenance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/provenance http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/provenance.xsd">
    <originDescription harvestDate="2025-06-17T02:53:46Z" altered="true">
      <baseURL>http://dbkapps.gesis.org/dbkoai/oai.asp</baseURL>
      <identifier>oai:dbk.gesis.org:DBK/ZA2570</identifier>
      <datestamp>2023-03-14</datestamp>
      <metadataNamespace>ddi:codebook:2_5</metadataNamespace>
    </originDescription>
</provenance>
      </about>
    </record>
  </GetRecord>
</OAI-PMH>