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DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 2096 British Social Attitudes Survey, 1985 209610.5255/UKDA-SN-2096-1 Social and Community Planning Research Copyright National Centre for Social Research Countryside CommissionMonument TrustEconomic and Social Research CouncilDepartment of EmploymentNuffield FoundationDepartment of the EnvironmentShell UK LimitedMarks and Spencer (Firm) UK Data Service 16 May 1986 ABORTIONACCESS TO COUNTRYSIDEADOPTIONAGEAGRICULTUREAIR POLLUTIONAIR TRAFFIC NOISEFISHING (SPORT)ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATIONASSOCIATIONSATTITUDE CHANGEATTITUDESAUTOMATIONBONUS PAYMENTSBRITISH POLITICAL PARTIESBUSINESSESCAREER DEVELOPMENTCHILD BENEFITSCHILD PROTECTIONCLASS DIFFERENTIATIONCLUBSCOASTSCOMMUNICATION CONTROLCOMPUTERSCONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENTCONTRACEPTIVE DEVICESCOUNTRYSIDECOUNTRYSIDE CONSERVATIONCRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONCRIMINALSCULTURAL EXPENDITURECURRENCY DEVALUATIONCURRICULUMDEATH PENALTYDECENTRALIZED GOVERNMENTDEFENCEDETENTIONDISABLED PERSONSDISARMAMENTDISCIPLINEDISTANCE MEASUREMENTDOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITIESDRIVINGECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC POLICYEDUCATIONEDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATIONEDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDEDUCATIONAL FACILITIESEDUCATIONAL GRANTSEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIESEDUCATIONAL RESOURCESELDERLYEMPLOYEESEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT HISTORYEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMESENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATIONENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONEQUAL EDUCATIONEQUAL OPPORTUNITYEQUAL PAYEQUESTRIAN SPORTSETHNIC GROUPSEUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITYEUROPEAN UNIONEXAMINATIONSINFIDELITYFARMERSFARMING SYSTEMSFINANCIAL EXPECTATIONSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFOOTPATHSFORECASTINGAIDFREEDOM OF EXPRESSIONFREEDOM OF SPEECHFREEDOM OF THE PRESSFULL-TIME EMPLOYMENTFUTURE SOCIETYGENDERGOVERNMENT POLICYHEALTHHEALTH SERVICESHEDGESHIGHER EDUCATIONHIKINGHOME BUYINGHOME OWNERSHIPHOMOSEXUALITYHOUSEHOLDSHOUSINGHOUSING FINANCEHOUSING TENUREHUMAN SETTLEMENTHUNTINGIMPORT CONTROLSIN-VITRO FERTILIZATIONINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME TAXINDUSTRIAL POLICYINDUSTRIAL POLLUTIONINDUSTRIESINFLATIONINFORMATIONINTERCEPTION OF COMMUNICATIONINTERNATIONAL RELATIONSJOB CHANGINGJOB DESCRIPTIONJOB HUNTINGJOB REQUIREMENTSJOB SATISFACTIONJOB SHARINGLAW AND JUSTICELABOUR MOBILITYLABOUR RELATIONSLAND AMELIORATIONLANDLORDSLAWLAW ENFORCEMENTLAWFUL OPPOSITIONLEISURE TIME ACTIVITIESLOCAL GOVERNMENTMANAGEMENTMARITAL STATUSMEMBERSHIPMILITARY EXPENDITUREMOTOR VEHICLESNATIONALIZATIONNATONEWSPAPER READERSHIPNUCLEAR BASESNUCLEAR POWER STATIONSNUCLEAR REACTOR SAFETYNUCLEAR WARFARENUCLEAR WEAPONSOCCUPATIONAL PENSIONSOCCUPATIONSOVERTIMEPARENT-SCHOOL RELATIONSHIPPARENT-TEACHER RELATIONSHIPPART-TIME EMPLOYMENTPARTICIPATIONPERFORMANCEPERSONAL EFFICACYPESTICIDESPICNICKINGPOLICINGSOCIAL POLICYPOLITICAL ALLEGIANCEPOLITICAL PARTICIPATIONPOLITICAL POWERPOLLUTIONPRE-PRIMARY EDUCATIONPRE-PRIMARY SCHOOLSPREMARITAL SEXPRICE CONTROLPRICE POLICYPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLSPRIVATE EDUCATIONPRIVATE SCHOOLSPRODUCTIVITYPROFIT SHARINGPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPOLITICAL INFLUENCEPUBLIC TRANSPORTQUALIFICATIONSQUALITY OF EDUCATIONRACIAL PREJUDICERACISMRADIOACTIVE WASTESRECREATIONAL FACILITIESRELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONRELIGIOUS ATTENDANCERENTED ACCOMMODATIONRENTSRESIDENTIAL MOBILITYRESPONSIBILITYRETIREMENTRETRAININGRIGHT TO PRIVACYROADSRURAL AREASSATISFACTIONSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUMSECONDARY SCHOOLSSELF-EMPLOYEDSEX DISCRIMINATIONSHARESSICK PERSONSSMOKINGSOCIAL ATTITUDESSOCIAL CHANGESOCIAL CLASSSOCIAL HOUSINGSOCIAL ORIGINSOCIAL PARTICIPATIONSOCIAL PROTESTSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITSSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL STRATIFICATIONSOCIAL WELFARESOCIAL WORKERSSPECIAL EDUCATIONSPOUSESSPOUSE'S ECONOMIC ACTIVITYSPOUSE'S EMPLOYMENTSPOUSE'S OCCUPATIONSTATE CONTROLSTATE RETIREMENT PENSIONSSTATE RESPONSIBILITYSTUDENT LOANSSTUDENTSSUBSIDIESSUPERVISIONSUPERVISORSSURROGATE MOTHERSTAX RELIEFTAXATIONINNOVATIONTENANTS' HOME PURCHASINGTERMINATION OF SERVICETOURISMTRADE UNION MEMBERSHIPTRADE UNION OFFICIALSTRADE UNIONSTRAFFIC NOISEUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSURBAN EXPANSIONVEHICLE RESTRAINT SYSTEMSVISITORSVISITS TO RECREATIONAL FACILITIESWAGE DETERMINATIONWAGE INCREASESWAGESWAGES POLICYWASTESWATER POLLUTIONWILDLIFEWOMEN'S RIGHTSWORK ATTITUDEWORKERS PARTICIPATIONWORKING CONDITIONSHOURS OF WORKWORLD WAR Social behaviour and attitudesSocial conditions and indicators Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.Background The British Social Attitudes (BSA) survey series began in 1983. The series is designed to produce annual measures of attitudinal movements to complement large-scale government surveys that deal largely with facts and behaviour patterns, and the data on party political attitudes produced by opinion polls. One of the BSA's main purposes is to allow the monitoring of patterns of continuity and change, and the examination of the relative rates at which attitudes, in respect of a range of social issues, change over time. Some questions are asked regularly, others less often. Funding for BSA comes from a number of sources (including government departments, the Economic and Social Research Council and other research foundations), but the final responsibility for the coverage and wording of the annual questionnaires rests with NatCen Social Research (formerly Social and Community Planning Research). The BSA has been conducted every year since 1983, except in 1988 and 1992 when core funding was devoted to the British Election Study (BES). Further information about the series and links to publications may be found on the NatCen Social Research <a title="British Social Attitudes" href="https://natcen.ac.uk/flagship-surveys">British Social Attitudes</a> webpage.Main Topics: Each year, the BSA interview questionnaire contains a number of 'core' questions, which are repeated in most years. In addition, a wide range of background and classificatory questions is included. The remainder of the questionnaire is devoted to a series of questions (modules) on a range of social, economic, political and moral issues - some are asked regularly, others less often. Cross-indexes of those questions asked more than once appear in the reports.The 1985 interview questionnaire, as with previous Social Attitudes questionnaires, was divided into groups of questions, or modules, according to the substantive topic. Analysis of some subjects however, will require links across modules. A summary of the questionnaire structure appears below; a more complete cross indexing of the 1983, and 1984 and 1985 questionnaires appears in Appendix J of the 1985 Technical report. Section 1: Media, politics, and international affairs Section 2: Economic expectations and evaluations and labour market participation; work orientations Section 3: Attitudes toward the countryside Section 4: Social expenditure, welfare state issues, housing, education, social class, religion, racial prejudice, sexual morality Section 5: Classification information: household composition, education level, tenure, occupation coding, income The self-completion questionnaire contains questions on the role of government (as part of the International Social Survey Programme), and also questions on the welfare state, the environment, new technology and employment, and on nuclear war. April 1985 - May 198531 March 198530 April 1985 Great Britain IndividualsNational Adults (18 and over) living in private households in Great Britain (excluding the 'crofting counties' north of the Caledonian Canal). Repeated cross-sectional studyThe BSA survey is conducted annually. Multi-stage stratified random sampleSee documentation for each BSA year for full details. The Data Collection is available to UK Data Service registered users subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">End User Licence Agreement</a>.Commercial use of the data and use of the data by commercial users requires approval from the data owner or their nominee. The UK Data Service will contact you. See <restrctn> https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/learning-hub/students/resources/quick-start-bsa/ https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=58 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=123 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=38 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=151 https://natcen.ac.uk/flagship-surveys Tanner, W., Krasniqi, F., Blagden, J. (2021) 'Age of alienation: the collapse in community and belonging among young people, and how we should respond', Onward. https://www.ukonward.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Age-of-Alienation.pdf https://www.ukonward.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Age-of-Alienation.pdf Heller, A. L. (2021) 'Public support for electoral reform: the role of electoral system experience', Electoral Studies, 72. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102348 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102348 Begum, S. and Williams, M. (2023) 'Dear Stephen: Race and belonging 30 years on', The Runnymede Trust https://www.runnymedetrust.org/publications/dear-stephen-race-and-belonging-30-years-on Cooper, C.H.V., Fahey, K. and Jones, R. (2025) 'Biased perceptions of public opinion don't define echo chambers but reveal systematic differences in political awareness', PLOS ONE, 20(6): e0324507.doi:0.1371/journal.pone.0324507 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324507 https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 2096 2025-09-26T03:37:11Z ddi:codebook:2_5