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DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 9324 Labour Force Survey Two-Quarter Longitudinal Dataset, April - September, 2024 932410.5255/UKDA-SN-9324-2 Office for National Statistics <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/re-using-public-sector-information/uk-government-licensing-framework/crown-copyright/" target="_blank">© Crown copyright</a>. The use of these data is subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">UK Data Service End User Licence Agreement</a>. Additional restrictions may also apply. Office for National Statistics UK Data Service 19 November 2024 COVID-19MENTAL HEALTHILL HEALTHSEXABSENTEEISMACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTAGEATTITUDESBONUS PAYMENTSCARE OF DEPENDANTSCHILD CARECHILDRENCHRONIC ILLNESSHIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSCONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENTDISABILITIESDISMISSALEARLY RETIREMENTECONOMIC ACTIVITYEDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDEDUCATIONAL CERTIFICATESEDUCATIONAL COURSESEDUCATIONAL FEESEDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYEESEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT HISTORYEMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMESEMPLOYMENT SERVICESETHNIC GROUPSFAMILIESFAMILY MEMBERSFIELDS OF STUDYFULL-TIME EMPLOYMENTHEADS OF HOUSEHOLDHEALTHHOME OWNERSHIPHOUSEHOLDSHOUSING TENUREIMMIGRATIONINCOMEINDUSTRIESINVOLUNTARY SHORT TIME WORKINGJOB CHANGINGJOB DESCRIPTIONJOB HUNTINGLABOUR FORCELEAVEMANAGERSMATERNITY LEAVEMATERNITY PAYNATIONAL IDENTITYNATIONALITYOCCUPATIONAL QUALIFICATIONSOCCUPATIONAL TRAININGOCCUPATIONSOVERTIMEPART-TIME COURSESPART-TIME EMPLOYMENTPATERNITY LEAVEPLACE OF BIRTHPLACE OF RESIDENCEPRIVATE SECTORPUBLIC SECTORQUALIFICATIONSRECRUITMENTREDUNDANCYREDUNDANCY PAYRELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONRESIDENTIAL MOBILITYRETIREMENTSEASONAL EMPLOYMENTSELF-EMPLOYEDSHIFT WORKSICK LEAVESICK PAYSMALL BUSINESSESSOCIAL HOUSINGSOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITSSOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUSSPOUSESSTATE RETIREMENT PENSIONSSTUDENTSSUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENTSUPERVISORSSUPERVISORY STATUSTAX RELIEFTEACHER QUALIFICATIONSTEMPORARY EMPLOYMENTTERMINATION OF SERVICETIED HOUSINGTRAININGTRAINING CENTRESTRAINING COURSESUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNWAGED WORKERSVOCATIONAL EDUCATIONVOCATIONAL EDUCATION CERTIFICATESWAGESWORKING CONDITIONSHOURS OF WORKWORKPLACEHOLIDAY LEAVELABOUR AND EMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSFAMILY BENEFITSHOUSING BENEFITSEDUCATIONAL LEVELSOCCUPATIONAL STATUSPENSIONSPRIVATE PENSIONSSICKNESS AND DISABILITY BENEFITSFURTHER EDUCATIONADULT EDUCATIONACCIDENTS AT WORKOCCUPATIONAL SAFETYPUBLIC HEALTH RISKS Labour and employment Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.Background The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a unique source of information using international definitions of employment and unemployment and economic inactivity, together with a wide range of related topics such as occupation, training, hours of work and personal characteristics of household members aged 16 years and over. It is used to inform social, economic and employment policy. The LFS was first conducted biennially from 1973-1983. Between 1984 and 1991 the survey was carried out annually and consisted of a quarterly survey conducted throughout the year and a 'boost' survey in the spring quarter (data were then collected seasonally). From 1992 quarterly data were made available, with a quarterly sample size approximately equivalent to that of the previous annual data. The survey then became known as the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS). From December 1994, data gathering for Northern Ireland moved to a full quarterly cycle to match the rest of the country, so the QLFS then covered the whole of the UK (though some additional annual Northern Ireland LFS datasets are also held at the UK Data Archive). Further information on the background to the QLFS may be found in the documentation. Longitudinal data The LFS retains each sample household for five consecutive quarters, with a fifth of the sample replaced each quarter. The main survey was designed to produce cross-sectional data, but the data on each individual have now been linked together to provide longitudinal information. The longitudinal data comprise two types of linked datasets, created using the weighting method to adjust for non-response bias. The two-quarter datasets link data from two consecutive waves, while the five-quarter datasets link across a whole year (for example January 2010 to March 2011 inclusive) and contain data from all five waves. A full series of longitudinal data has been produced, going back to winter 1992. Linking together records to create a longitudinal dimension can, for example, provide information on gross flows over time between different labour force categories (employed, unemployed and economically inactive). This will provide detail about people who have moved between the categories. Also, longitudinal information is useful in monitoring the effects of government policies and can be used to follow the subsequent activities and circumstances of people affected by specific policy initiatives, and to compare them with other groups in the population. There are however methodological problems which could distort the data resulting from this longitudinal linking. The ONS continues to research these issues and advises that the presentation of results should be carefully considered, and warnings should be included with outputs where necessary. New reweighting policy Following the <a href="http://doc.ukdataservice.ac.uk/doc/8343/mrdoc/pdf/biennial_lfs_aps_reweighting_policy.pdf" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">new reweighting policy</a> ONS has reviewed the latest population estimates made available during 2019 and have decided not to carry out a 2019 LFS and APS reweighting exercise. Therefore, the next reweighting exercise will take place in 2020. These will incorporate the 2019 Sub-National Population Projection data (published in May 2020) and 2019 Mid-Year Estimates (published in June 2020). It is expected that reweighted Labour Market aggregates and microdata will be published towards the end of 2020/early 2021. LFS Documentation The documentation available from the Archive to accompany LFS datasets largely consists of the latest version of each user guide volume alongside the appropriate questionnaire for the year concerned. However, volumes are updated periodically by ONS, so users are advised to check the latest documents on the ONS <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/methodologies/labourforcesurveyuserguidance" title="Labour Force Survey - User Guidance">Labour Force Survey - User Guidance</a> pages before commencing analysis. This is especially important for users of older QLFS studies, where information and guidance in the user guide documents may have changed over time. Additional data derived from the QLFS The Archive also holds further QLFS series: End User Licence (EUL) quarterly data; Secure Access datasets; household datasets; quarterly, annual and ad hoc module datasets compiled for Eurostat; and some additional annual Northern Ireland datasets. Variables DISEA and LNGLST Dataset A08 (Labour market status of disabled people) which ONS suspended due to an apparent discontinuity between April to June 2017 and July to September 2017 is now available. As a result of this apparent discontinuity and the inconclusive investigations at this stage, comparisons should be made with caution between April to June 2017 and subsequent time periods. However users should note that the estimates are not seasonally adjusted, so some of the change between quarters could be due to seasonality. Further recommendations on historical comparisons of the estimates will be given in November 2018 when ONS are due to publish estimates for July to September 2018. An article explaining the quality assurance investigations that have been conducted so far is available on the <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/methodologies/analysisofthediscontinuityinthelabourforcesurveydisabilitydataapriltojune2017tojulytoseptember2017" target="_blank">ONS Methodology</a> webpage. For any queries about Dataset A08 please email Labour.Market@ons.gov.uk. Occupation data for 2021 and 2022 data files The ONS has identified an issue with the collection of some occupational data in 2021 and 2022 data files in a number of their surveys. While they estimate any impacts will be small overall, this will affect the accuracy of the breakdowns of some detailed (four-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)) occupations, and data derived from them. Further information can be found in the ONS article published on 11 July 2023: <a title="Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/revisionofmiscodedoccupationaldataintheonslabourforcesurveyuk/january2021toseptember2022" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022</a>.2022 WeightingThe population totals used for the latest LFS estimates use projected growth rates from Real Time Information (RTI) data for UK, EU and non-EU populations based on 2021 patterns. The total population used for the LFS therefore does not take into account any changes in migration, birth rates, death rates, and so on since June 2021, and hence levels estimates may be under- or over-estimating the true values and should be used with caution. Estimates of rates will, however, be robust.Latest edition informationFor the second edition (February 2025), the data file was resupplied with the 2024 weighting variable included (LGWT24).Main Topics: The two-quarter longitudinal datasets include a subset of the most commonly used variables from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS), covering the main areas of the survey. April 2024 - September 202401 April 202430 September 2024 United Kingdom Individuals Numeric Longitudinal/panel/cohortEach dataset contains data from two waves of the QLFS See documentation for details Compilation or synthesis of existing materialthe datasets were created from existing LFS data. They do not contain all records, but only those of respondents of working age who have responded to the survey in all the periods being linked. The data therefore comprise a subset of variables representing approximately one third of all QLFS variables. Cases were linked using the QLFS panel design. The Data Collection is available to UK Data Service registered users subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">End User Licence Agreement</a>.Commercial use of the data requires approval from the data owner or their nominee. The UK Data Service will contact you. See <restrctn> https://www.ons.gov.uk/surveys/informationforhouseholdsandindividuals/householdandindividualsurveys/labourforcesurvey https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/ https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/bulletins/uklabourmarket/previousReleases https://data.gov.uk/dataset/a53b9d2e-a6f7-4be3-ab1b-fd62896ae5c9/economic-and-labour-market-review Razzu, G. and Singleton, C. (2018) 'Segregation and gender gaps in the United Kingdom's great recession and recovery', Feminist Economics, 24, 4, pp.31-55, https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2018.1451907. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2018.1451907 Borowczyk-Martins, D. and Lale, E. (2019) 'Employment adjustment and part-time work: lessons from the United States and the United Kingdom', American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 11, 1, pp.389-435, https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.20160078. https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.20160078 Soares, S. and Berg, J. (2021) 'Transitions in the labour market under COVID-19: who endures, who doesn’t and the implications for inequality', International Labour Review, Special Issue Covid-19 and the World of Work. doi:10.1111/ilr.12214 https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12214 https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 9324 2025-02-28T07:50:22Z ddi:codebook:2_5