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          <titl xml:lang="en">DDI study level documentation for study 10.7802/1346 GIGA Sanctions Dataset</titl>
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        <titl xml:lang="en">GIGA Sanctions Dataset</titl>
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        <IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="GESIS">10.7802/1346</IDNo><IDNo xml:lang="de" agency="GESIS">10.7802/1346</IDNo><IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="DOI">10.7802/1346</IDNo><IDNo xml:lang="de" agency="DOI">10.7802/1346</IDNo>
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        <AuthEnty affiliation="Singapore Management University" xml:lang="en">Portela, Clara
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Singapore Management University" xml:lang="de">Portela, Clara
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies" xml:lang="en">von Soest, Christian
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies" xml:lang="de">von Soest, Christian
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">The dataset is composed of the entire universe of sanctions regimes imposed by the UN, US and EU in the period from 1990 to 2010, including those sanctions regimes that were in place by 1990, targeting a country, its leadership and entities associated with it. Episodes which are still on-going are also recorded. Included are all sanctioned countries which have been coded – at least – at the start of sanction episodes as “autocratic regimes” by the Hadenius/Teorell/Wahman dataset on authoritarian regimes (2012).</abstract><abstract xml:lang="de">The dataset is composed of the entire universe of sanctions regimes imposed by the UN, US and EU in the period from 1990 to 2010, including those sanctions regimes that were in place by 1990, targeting a country, its leadership and entities associated with it. Episodes which are still on-going are also recorded. Included are all sanctioned countries which have been coded – at least – at the start of sanction episodes as “autocratic regimes” by the Hadenius/Teorell/Wahman dataset on authoritarian regimes (2012).</abstract>
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abbr="ZM">Zambia</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="ZW">Zimbabwe</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="ZW">Zimbabwe</nation>
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