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DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 4365 Health Survey for England, 1999 436510.5255/UKDA-SN-4365-1 National Centre for Social Research University College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/re-using-public-sector-information/uk-government-licensing-framework/crown-copyright/" target="_blank">© Crown copyright</a>. The use of these data is subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">UK Data Service End User Licence Agreement</a>. Additional restrictions may also apply. Department of Health UK Data Service 30 April 2001 ACCIDENTSADULTSAGEALCOHOL USEALCOHOLIC DRINKSALCOHOLISMANXIETYBEDROOMSBICYCLESBLOODANTHROPOMETRIC DATABUILDING MAINTENANCECARBOHYDRATESCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMCARE OF DEPENDANTSCAUSES OF DEATHCEREAL PRODUCTSCHILD BENEFITSCHILDRENCHRONIC ILLNESSCLINICAL TESTS AND MEASUREMENTSCONCENTRATIONCONFECTIONERYCONTRACEPTIVE DEVICESCOUGHINGCULTURAL IDENTITYDAIRY PRODUCTSDEBILITATIVE ILLNESSDEGREESDEPRESSIONDIABETESDIET AND EXERCISEDISABILITIESDISABLED PERSONSDISEASESDOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITIESECONOMIC ACTIVITYEDIBLE FATSEDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDEMPLOYEESEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT HISTORYETHNIC GROUPSETHNIC MINORITIESEXAMINATIONSEXERCISE (PHYSICAL ACTIVITY)FAMILIESFAMILY MEMBERSFATHERSFISH (AS FOOD)FRIENDSFRUITFULL-TIME EMPLOYMENTFURNISHED ACCOMMODATIONGARDENINGGENDERGENERAL PRACTITIONERSHAEMATOLOGIC DISEASESHAPPINESSHEADS OF HOUSEHOLDHEALTHHEALTH ADVICEHEALTH PROFESSIONALSHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH CONSULTATIONSHEART DISEASESHEIGHT (PHYSIOLOGY)HOME OWNERSHIPHORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPYHOSPITALIZATIONHOSPITAL SERVICESHOSPITAL WAITING LISTSHOUSEHOLD HEAD'S OCCUPATIONHOUSEHOLDSHOUSEWORKHOUSINGHOUSING TENUREILL HEALTHINCOMEINDUSTRIAL INJURIESINDUSTRIESINJURIESJOB SEEKER'S ALLOWANCELANDLORDSLEISURE TIME ACTIVITIESMANAGERSMARITAL STATUSMEATMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL DIAGNOSISMEDICAL HISTORYMEDICAL PRESCRIPTIONSMENSTRUATIONMILKMOTHERSMOTOR PROCESSESMOTOR VEHICLESNEIGHBOURHOODSOCCUPATIONAL PENSIONSOCCUPATIONAL QUALIFICATIONSOCCUPATIONSHOSPITAL OUTPATIENT SERVICESPAINPARENTSPART-TIME EMPLOYMENTPASSIVE SMOKINGPATIENTSPHYSICAL ACTIVITIESPHYSICIANSPLACE OF BIRTHPREGNANCYPRESCRIPTION DRUGSPRIVATE SECTORPERSONAL PROTECTIVE GEARQUALIFICATIONSRELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONRENTED ACCOMMODATIONRESPIRATORY SYSTEMRESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASESRETIREMENTROAD ACCIDENTSSALTSAVINGSSAVOURY SNACKSSELF-EMPLOYEDSELF-ESTEEMSHARED HOME OWNERSHIPSICK LEAVESICK PERSONSSLEEPSMOKINGSMOKING CESSATIONSOCIAL CLASSSOCIAL HOUSINGSOCIAL INTEGRATIONSOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITSSOCIAL SUPPORTSOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUSSPORTSTATE RETIREMENT PENSIONSSTRESS (PSYCHOLOGICAL)STUDENTSSUPERVISORSSURGERYSYMPTOMSTIED HOUSINGTOBACCOTOP MANAGEMENTTRANSPORT ACCIDENTSUNEMPLOYEDUNFURNISHED ACCOMMODATIONVASCULAR DISEASESVEGETABLESVOCATIONAL EDUCATION CERTIFICATESWAGESWALKINGWEIGHT (PHYSIOLOGY)YOUTH Health care services and policiesGeneral health and well-being Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.<div>The Health Survey for England (HSE) is a series of surveys designed to monitor trends in the nation's health.  It was commissioned by NHS Digital and carried out by the Joint Health Surveys Unit of the National Centre for Social Research and the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London.</div><div> </div><div>The aims of the HSE series are:</div><ul><li>to provide annual data about the nation’s health;</li><li>to estimate the proportion of people in England with specified health conditions;</li><li>to estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these conditions;</li><li>to examine differences between population subgroups in their likelihood of having specific conditions or risk factors;</li><li>to assess the frequency with which particular combinations of risk factors are found, and which groups these combinations most commonly occur;</li><li>to monitor progress towards selected health targets</li><li>since 1995, to measure the height of children at different ages, replacing the National Study of Health and Growth;</li><li>since 1995, monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.</li></ul>The survey includes a number of core questions every year but also focuses on different health issues at each wave. Topics are revisited at appropriate intervals in order to monitor change. Further information about the series may be found on the NHS Digital <a href="https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/areas-of-interest/public-health/health-survey-for-england---health-social-care-and-lifestyles#about-the-survey" title="Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles" target="_blank">Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles</a> webpage, the NatCen Social Research <a href="https://natcen.ac.uk/s/health-survey-england" title="NatCen Health Survey for England" target="_blank">NatCen Health Survey for England</a> webpage and the University College London Health and Social Surveys Research Group <a title="UCL Health Survey for England" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/epidemiology-health-care/research/epidemiology-and-public-health/research/health-and-social-surveys-research-group/studies-0" target="_blank">UCL Health Survey for England</a> webpage. Changes to the HSE from 2015: Users should note that from 2015 survey onwards, only the individual data file is available under standard End User Licence (EUL). The household data file is now only included in the Special Licence (SL) version, released from 2015 onwards. In addition, the SL individual file contains all the variables included in the HSE EUL dataset, plus others, including variables removed from the EUL version after the NHS England disclosure review. The SL HSE is subject to more restrictive access conditions than the EUL version (see Access information). Users are advised to obtain the EUL version to see if it meets their needs before considering an application for the SL version.COVID-19 and the HSE: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the HSE 2020 survey was stopped in March 2020 and never re-started. There was no publication that year. The survey resumed in 2021, albeit with an amended methodology. The full HSE resumed in 2022, with an extended fieldwork period. Due to this, the decision was taken not to progress with the 2023 survey, to maximise the 2022 survey response and enable more robust reporting of data. See the <a href="https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/areas-of-interest/public-health/health-survey-for-england---health-social-care-and-lifestyles#about-the-survey">NHS Digital Health Survey for England - Health, social care and lifestyles</a> webpage for more details. For the fourth edition (April 2010), three new children's Body Mass Index (BMI) variables have been added to the general population and ethnic boost data files (bmicat1, bmicat2, bmicat3). Further information is available in the documentation and on the Information Centre for Health and Social Care <a href=" http://www.ic.nhs.uk/statistics-and-data-collections/health-and-lifestyles-related-surveys/health-survey-for-england" title "Health Survey for England" >Health Survey for England</a> web page. Main Topics: For informants from the specified minority ethnic groups (whether in the general population or the ethnic boost sample), the coverage of the 1999 survey was similar to that for 1998 (SN:4150). The special topics included cardiovascular disease (CVD) for adults and asthma for children. Other topics covered included physical activity, eating habits, psychosocial health, social support, religion and cultural identity, as well as the 'core' topics which are repeated every year: smoking, alcohol consumption, general health, prescribed medication and use of services. For the first time in the Health Survey, informants aged 35 and over had an electrocardiographic measurement (ECG) and (among a sub-sample) a fasting blood sample was taken which was analysed for tricglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and glucose. For each child aged 4-15, parents were asked to complete the Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ) Questionnaire. Informants in the general population sample, unless they were members of the specified minority ethnic groups, were given a short version of the questionnaire covering only the core topics. They did not have the follow-up nurse visit, except for a small sub-sample selected to provide comparisons with minority ethnic groups in respect of measurements not previously employed on the Health Survey, for which therefore earlier reports could not provide comparative data. Some administrative data and some geographic identifiers have been left out of the dataset. Standard Measures General health questionnaire (GHQ12) - copyright David Goldberg, 1978 reproduced by permission of NFER - NELSON. Rose angina questionnaire. Medical Research Council respiratory questionnaire. Strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). 1999 - 200001 January 199901 January 2000 England NationalAdultsChildrenIndividuals Adults (aged 16 and over) and children (aged 2-15 years) living in private households in England Numeric Repeated cross-sectional studyThe survey is conducted annually. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interviewSelf-completionClinical measurementsPhysical measurementsCAPI The Data Collection is available to UK Data Service registered users subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">End User Licence Agreement</a>.Access is limited to users based in Higher Education/Further Education institutions, central and local government, the NHS, research companies and charities for non-commercial and teaching purposes. Commercial use is not permitted. Commercial users may apply for the data, provided it is for non-commercial purposes only; access is subject to depositor approval. Data storage and access are limited to the UK and countries that the UK deemed to have an adequate level of data protection as follows: European Economic Area countries, Andorra, Argentina, Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Israel, Isle of Man, Jersey, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Switzerland and Uruguay. See <restrctn> https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/ http://healthsurvey.hscic.gov.uk/data-visualisation/data-visualisation/explore-the-trends.aspx http://natcen.ac.uk/our-research/research/health-survey-for-england/ https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/learning-hub/students/resources/quick-start-hse/ https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=124 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=146 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=53 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=148 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=85 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=119 doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5855 doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5855 Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5855 Usher-Smith, J., Sharp, S., Luben, R. and Griffin, S. (2018) 'Development and validation of lifestyle-based models to predict incidence of the most common potentially preventable cancers', Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, pii: cebp.0400.2018 https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0400 Kypridemos, C., Collins, B., McHale, P., Bromley, H., Parvulescu, P., Capewell, S. and O'Flaherty, M. (2018) 'Future cost-effectiveness and equity of the NHS Health Check cardiovascular disease prevention programme: Microsimulation modelling using data from Liverpool, UK', PLOS Medicine, 15:e1002573 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002573 Semlyen, J., Curtis, T. and Varney, J. (2019) 'Sexual orientation identity in relation to unhealthy body mass index: individual participant data meta-analysis of 93,429 individuals from 12 UK health surveys', Journal of Public Health, fdy224, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy224. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy224 Adjaye-Gbewonyo, K. and Cois, A. (2022) 'Explaining population trends in cardiovascular risk: Protocol for a comparative analysis of health transitions in South Africa and England using nationally representative survey data', BMJ Open, 12(3), e061034. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061034 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061034 Ogunlayi, F., Coleman, P.C., Fat, L.N.x, et al. (2023) 'Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in behavioural non-communicable disease risk factors: analysis of repeated cross-sectional health surveys in England between 2003 and 2019', BMC Public Health, 23, 1442. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16275-6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16275-6 Fforde, R., Parsons, N. and Oyebode, O. (2023) 'OP105 Does socio-economic status modify how individuals perceive and/or describe their own health? An assessment of reporting heterogeneity in the Health Survey for England', J Epidemiol Community Health, 77:A52. doi10.1136/jech-2023-SSMabstracts.104 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-SSMabstracts.104 Russell, S. J., Mytton, O. T., Viner, R. M. (2023). 'Estimating the effects of preventive and weight-management interventions on the prevalence of childhood obesity in England: a modelling study', Lancet Public Health 8(11), 878-888. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(23)00216-5/fulltext Opazo Breton, M. and Gray, L. (2023) 'An age-period-cohort (APC) approach to studying long-term trends in obesity and overweight in England (1992-2019)', Obesity (Silver Spring), 3(3): pp.823- 831. doi:10.1002/oby.23657 https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23657 Opazo Breton, M., et al. (2021) 'Understanding long-term trends in smoking in England, 1972-2019: an age-period-cohort approach', Addiction, 117(5), pp.1392-1403. doi:10.1111/add.15696 https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15696 Campbell, E., et. al. (2024) 'Sociodemographic and health-related differences in non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in the Health Survey for England 2013-2019', medRxiv 2024.02.12.24302519. doi: 10.1101/2024.02.12.24302519 https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.12.24302519 Office for National Statistics (2024) 'Risk factors for pre-diabetes and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in England: 2013 to 2019 https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthinequalities/bulletins/riskfactorsforprediabetesandundiagnosedtype2diabetesinengland/2013to2019 Lewer, D., Aldridge, R.W., Menezes, D., et al. (2019) 'Health-related quality of life and prevalence of six chronic diseases in homeless and housed people: a cross-sectional study in London and Birmingham, England', BMJ Open, e025192. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025192 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025192 Lewer, D., Meier, P., Beard, E. et al. (2016) 'Unravelling the alcohol harm paradox: a population-based study of social gradients across very heavy drinking thresholds', BMC Public Health 16, 599. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3265-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3265-9 Braat, S. et al. (2024) 'Haemoglobin thresholds to define anaemia from age 6 months to 65 years: estimates from international data sources', The Lancet Haematology. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(24)00030-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(24)00030-9 Fforde, R., Parsons, N. and Oyebode, O. (2024) 'Does socioeconomic status modify how individuals perceive or describe their own health? An assessment of reporting heterogeneity in the Health Survey for England', BMJ Public Health, 2:e000813. doi:10.1136/bmjph-2023-0008 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2023-0008 Scholes S, et al. Estimating Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Risk for the EXPOSE (Explaining Population Trends in Cardiovascular Risk: A Comparative Analysis of Health Transitions in South Africa and England) Study: Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Cardio. 2025 Jan 20. doi:10.2196/64893 https://doi.org/10.2196/64893 Rutter C.E. et al. International prevalence patterns of low eGFR in adults aged 18-60 without traditional risk factors from a population-based cross-sectional disadvantaged populations eGFR epidemiology (DEGREE) study. Kidney Int. 2025 Mar;107(3):541-557. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2024.11.028 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2024.11.028 https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 4365 2025-12-23T06:27:28Z ddi:codebook:2_5