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          <titl xml:lang="en">DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 3935</titl>
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        <titl xml:lang="en">Offenders Index Cohort Data, 1953-1997</titl>
        <IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="UKDA">3935</IDNo><IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="DOI">10.5255/UKDA-SN-3935-1</IDNo>
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        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en">Home Office, Research, Development and Statistics Directorate
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        <copyright xml:lang="en">&lt;a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/re-using-public-sector-information/uk-government-licensing-framework/crown-copyright/" target="_blank"&gt;© Crown copyright&lt;/a&gt;. The use of these data is subject to the &lt;a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;UK Data Service End User Licence Agreement&lt;/a&gt;. Additional restrictions may also apply.</copyright>
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        <distrbtr xml:lang="en">UK Data Service</distrbtr>
        <distDate xml:lang="en" date="1999-02-19T00:00:00Z">19 February 1999</distDate>
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        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/08c7f098-60bc-4624-b473-f5e5d036b4fb">ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/778dc4e5-2aea-41fb-acbc-f04940788616">AGE</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6c05acd2-e753-4aca-9145-c4d9eaac028a">COMMUNITY SERVICE (PUNISHMENT)</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/3f63217e-b6d3-4537-aa68-3700adb458fe">COURTS</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/5daecb52-714d-4e40-9be4-049de382f9c8">CRIME AND SECURITY</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/a6ac577a-ccf0-40e3-99fb-a6fba59f47bc">CRIMINALS</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/9436dd25-565c-405e-869c-35195c170077">ETHNIC GROUPS</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/8a3680a5-a85f-46af-a264-3b0fedd414a4">FINANCIAL COMPENSATION</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/eeb1e7f0-3d03-44eb-92a6-be1deb859146">FINES</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000">GENDER</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/483e4b8f-03bd-4703-98c4-943eb4815862">JUDGMENTS (LAW)</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/114ca5c7-579e-4159-8b21-e0b8800407fc">OFFENCES</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/e8f8b358-1e01-48bf-a2c4-cab265834945">POLICE SERVICES</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/d52b49f4-56e5-467b-aa19-96c3365840a4">PRISON SENTENCES</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/9ebade3f-2236-4555-806c-b13f083838cc">PROBATION</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/c96f4048-6519-43a7-9fc8-3f642fe41f89">RESTRICTION ON MOVEMENT (PUNISHMENT)</keyword>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en">Crime and law enforcement</topcClas>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">&lt;P&gt;Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.&lt;/P&gt;</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">The data were drawn from the Home Office Offenders Index to provide estimates of the prevalence of offending (as measured by convictions for 'Standard List' offences) in the population of England and Wales. Results were last reported in detail in the Home Office Statistical Bulletin 14/95 &lt;i&gt;Criminal careers of those born between 1953 and 1973&lt;/i&gt; (1995). One of the main results reported is that an estimated 34% of men and 8% of women had at least one conviction for a Standard List offence before the age of forty. The percentage of males with a custodial sentence before the age of forty is 7% and females less than 1%.&lt;br&gt; The cohort data includes information on court appearances and convictions for individual anonymised offenders. As such it provides a resource for investigating patterns of convictions for known offenders and modelling their interaction with the criminal justice system.&lt;br&gt;</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">&lt;B&gt;Main Topics&lt;/B&gt;:&lt;BR&gt;</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">The data includes details of court appearances and convictions at an appearance for offenders born in four weeks in each of the years 1953, 1958, 1963, 1968, 1973 and 1978 (one week was selected in each quarter). Dates of appearance, date of birth, gender, offence and disposals are recorded on the file.</abstract>
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        <timeMeth xml:lang="en">Longitudinal/panel/cohort<concept/></timeMeth>
        <sampProc xml:lang="en">No sampling (total universe)<concept/></sampProc>
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        <restrctn xml:lang="en">&lt;p&gt;The Data Collection is available to UK Data Service registered users subject to the &lt;a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;End User Licence Agreement&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Commercial use of the data requires approval from the data owner or their nominee. The UK Data Service will contact you.&lt;/p&gt;</restrctn>
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      <relPubl xml:lang="en">
        Pennoni, F., Francis, B. and Bartolucci, F. (2007) 'A latent Markov model for detecting pattern of criminal activity'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society - Series A, 115-132
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        (1997) &lt;i&gt;Criminal statistics England and Wales 1996 :: statistics relating to crime and criminal proceedings for the year 1996&lt;/i&gt; [Research report], (Command Paper), London: The Stationery Office.
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        Pennoni, F. and Bartolucci, F. (2012) &lt;i&gt;Latent Markov models for longitudinal data&lt;/i&gt;, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor &amp; Francis Group.ISBN 1466583711 | 9781439817087
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            <IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="URN">Latent Markov models for longitudinal data</IDNo>
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        Godfrey, D., Grove, P. and Macleod, J. (1998) 'Forecasting the prison population -: predicting the consequences of sentencing policy'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, OR Insight, 3-9
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        (1998) &lt;i&gt;Criminal statistics England and Wales 1997 :: statistics relating to crime and criminal proceedings for the year 1997&lt;/i&gt; [Research report], London: The Stationery Office.
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