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          <titl xml:lang="en">DDI study level documentation for study ZA5179 CSES Module 1 Full Release</titl>
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        <titl xml:lang="en">CSES Module 1 Full Release</titl>
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        <IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="GESIS">ZA5179, Version 3.0.0</IDNo><IDNo xml:lang="de" agency="GESIS">ZA5179, Version 3.0.0</IDNo><IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="DOI">10.7804/cses.module1.2015-12-15</IDNo><IDNo xml:lang="de" agency="DOI">10.7804/cses.module1.2015-12-15</IDNo>
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        <AuthEnty affiliation="CPSR (Center of Sociological and Political Research), Belarus State University, Minsk, Belarus" xml:lang="en">Rotman, David
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="CPSR (Center of Sociological and Political Research), Belarus State University, Minsk, Belarus" xml:lang="de">Rotman, David
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Research School of Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia" xml:lang="en">McAllister, Ian
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Research School of Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia" xml:lang="de">McAllister, Ian
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="CPSR (Center of Sociological and Political Research), Belarus State University, Minsk, Belarus" xml:lang="en">Levitskaya, Irina
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="CPSR (Center of Sociological and Political Research), Belarus State University, Minsk, Belarus" xml:lang="de">Levitskaya, Irina
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="CPSR (Center of Sociological and Political Research), Belarus State University, Minsk, Belarus" xml:lang="en">Veremeeva, Natalia
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="CPSR (Center of Sociological and Political Research), Belarus State University, Minsk, Belarus" xml:lang="de">Veremeeva, Natalia
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology, University of Leuven, Belgium" xml:lang="en">Billiet, Jaak
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology, University of Leuven, Belgium" xml:lang="de">Billiet, Jaak
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Catholic University of Louvain, Lovain-la-Neuve, Belgium" xml:lang="en">Frognier, André-Paul
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Catholic University of Louvain, Lovain-la-Neuve, Belgium" xml:lang="de">Frognier, André-Paul
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Département de Science Politique, Université de Montréal, Canada" xml:lang="en">Blais, André
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Département de Science Politique, Université de Montréal, Canada" xml:lang="de">Blais, André
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada" xml:lang="en">Gidengil, Elisabeth
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada" xml:lang="de">Gidengil, Elisabeth
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada" xml:lang="en">Nevitte, Neil
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada" xml:lang="de">Nevitte, Neil
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Département de Science Politique, Université de Montréal, Canada" xml:lang="en">Nadeau, Richard
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Département de Science Politique, Université de Montréal, Canada" xml:lang="de">Nadeau, Richard
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Latinobarómetro, Opinión Pública Latinoamericana, Chile" xml:lang="en">Lagos, Marta
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Latinobarómetro, Opinión Pública Latinoamericana, Chile" xml:lang="de">Lagos, Marta
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Political Science Department, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary (for Czech Republic)" xml:lang="en">Tóka, Gábor
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Political Science Department, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary (for Czech Republic)" xml:lang="de">Tóka, Gábor
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Institut for Økonomi, Politik og Forvaltning, Aalborg Universitet, Denmark" xml:lang="en">Andersen, Jørgen G.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Institut for Økonomi, Politik og Forvaltning, Aalborg Universitet, Denmark" xml:lang="de">Andersen, Jørgen G.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung (MZES), Universität Mannheim, Germany" xml:lang="en">Schmitt, Hermann
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung (MZES), Universität Mannheim, Germany" xml:lang="de">Schmitt, Hermann
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Germany" xml:lang="en">Weßels, Bernhard
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Germany" xml:lang="de">Weßels, Bernhard
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Government, University of Strathclyde, Scotland" xml:lang="en">Curtice, John
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Government, University of Strathclyde, Scotland" xml:lang="de">Curtice, John
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, England" xml:lang="en">Heath, Anthony
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, England" xml:lang="de">Heath, Anthony
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="John F. Kennedy School of Government,  Harvard University, Cambridge, United States (for United Kingdom)" xml:lang="en">Norris, Pippa
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="John F. Kennedy School of Government,  Harvard University, Cambridge, United States (for United Kingdom)" xml:lang="de">Norris, Pippa
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, England" xml:lang="en">Jowell, Roger
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, England" xml:lang="de">Jowell, Roger
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Research and Survey Programme and Department of Politics and Sociology, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong" xml:lang="en">Pang-kwong, Li
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Research and Survey Programme and Department of Politics and Sociology, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong" xml:lang="de">Pang-kwong, Li
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Political Science Department, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary" xml:lang="en">Tóka, Gábor
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Political Science Department, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary" xml:lang="de">Tóka, Gábor
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Faculty of Social Science, University of Iceland, Iceland" xml:lang="en">Hardarson, Ólafur T.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Faculty of Social Science, University of Iceland, Iceland" xml:lang="de">Hardarson, Ólafur T.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Haifa, Israel" xml:lang="en">Arian, Asher
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Haifa, Israel" xml:lang="de">Arian, Asher
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, Tel Aviv University, Israel" xml:lang="en">Shamir, Michal
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, Tel Aviv University, Israel" xml:lang="de">Shamir, Michal
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Political Science Department, Doshisha University Imadegawa Karasuma, Japan" xml:lang="en">Nishizawa, Yoshitaka
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Political Science Department, Doshisha University Imadegawa Karasuma, Japan" xml:lang="de">Nishizawa, Yoshitaka
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science and International Relations, Sookmyung Women´s University, Korea" xml:lang="en">Lee, Nam-Young
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science and International Relations, Sookmyung Women´s University, Korea" xml:lang="de">Lee, Nam-Young
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Baltic Surveys, Vilnius, Lithuania" xml:lang="en">Alisauskiene, Rasa
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Baltic Surveys, Vilnius, Lithuania" xml:lang="de">Alisauskiene, Rasa
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Baltic Surveys, Vilnius, Lithuania" xml:lang="en">Liubsiene, Elena
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Baltic Surveys, Vilnius, Lithuania" xml:lang="de">Liubsiene, Elena
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="División de Estudios Políticos, CIDE (Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economica), Mexico" xml:lang="en">Beltrán, Ulises
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="División de Estudios Políticos, CIDE (Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economica), Mexico" xml:lang="de">Beltrán, Ulises
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="CIDE (Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economica), Mexico" xml:lang="en">Nacif Hernández, Benito
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="CIDE (Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economica), Mexico" xml:lang="de">Nacif Hernández, Benito
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Studies, University of Auckland, New Zealand" xml:lang="en">Aimer, Peter
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Studies, University of Auckland, New Zealand" xml:lang="de">Aimer, Peter
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="School of Business, Public Administration and Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands" xml:lang="en">Aarts, Kees
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="School of Business, Public Administration and Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands" xml:lang="de">Aarts, Kees
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (for New Zealand)" xml:lang="en">Karp, Jeffrey A.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (for New Zealand)" xml:lang="de">Karp, Jeffrey A.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (for New Zealand)" xml:lang="en">Banducci, Susan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (for New Zealand)" xml:lang="de">Banducci, Susan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Studies, University of Auckland, New Zealand" xml:lang="en">Vowles, Jack
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Studies, University of Auckland, New Zealand" xml:lang="de">Vowles, Jack
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="The Norwegian Election Studies, Institute for Social Research, Norway" xml:lang="en">Aardal, Bernt
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="The Norwegian Election Studies, Institute for Social Research, Norway" xml:lang="de">Aardal, Bernt
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="The Norwegian Election Studies, Institute for Social Research, Norway" xml:lang="en">Valen, Henry
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="The Norwegian Election Studies, Institute for Social Research, Norway" xml:lang="de">Valen, Henry
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Perú" xml:lang="en">Romero, Catalina
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Perú" xml:lang="de">Romero, Catalina
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology, Washington and Lee University, United States, and Institute of Political Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland (for Polish survey)" xml:lang="en">Jasiewicz, Krzysztof
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology, Washington and Lee University, United States, and Institute of Political Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland (for Polish survey)" xml:lang="de">Jasiewicz, Krzysztof
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Institute of Political Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland" xml:lang="en">Markowski, Radoslaw
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Institute of Political Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland" xml:lang="de">Markowski, Radoslaw
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="ICS-UL, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal (for survey in 2002)" xml:lang="en">Barreto, Antonio
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="ICS-UL, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal (for survey in 2002)" xml:lang="de">Barreto, Antonio
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="ISCTE, Higher Institute for Labour and Business Studies and ICS-UL, Social Sciences Research Institute, University of Lisbon, Portugal (for survey in 2002)" xml:lang="en">Freire, Andre
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="ISCTE, Higher Institute for Labour and Business Studies and ICS-UL, Social Sciences Research Institute, University of Lisbon, Portugal (for survey in 2002)" xml:lang="de">Freire, Andre
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Faculty of Political and Administrative Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania" xml:lang="en">Badescu, Gabriel
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Faculty of Political and Administrative Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania" xml:lang="de">Badescu, Gabriel
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science and Public Administration, University of North Dakota, United States (for Romanian survey)" xml:lang="en">Sum, Paul
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science and Public Administration, University of North Dakota, United States (for Romanian survey)" xml:lang="de">Sum, Paul
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Government, Harvard University, United States (for Russian survey)" xml:lang="en">Colton, Timothy
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Government, Harvard University, United States (for Russian survey)" xml:lang="de">Colton, Timothy
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Institute of Sociology, Academy of Sciences, Russia" xml:lang="en">Kozyreva, Polina
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Institute of Sociology, Academy of Sciences, Russia" xml:lang="de">Kozyreva, Polina
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="CJMMK (Public Opinion and Mass Communication Research Centre), Faculty of Social Science, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia" xml:lang="en">Stebe, Janez
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="CJMMK (Public Opinion and Mass Communication Research Centre), Faculty of Social Science, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia" xml:lang="de">Stebe, Janez
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Ljubljana, Slovenia" xml:lang="en">Tos, Niko
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Ljubljana, Slovenia" xml:lang="de">Tos, Niko
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="ASEP (Analisis Sociológicos Económicos y Políticos), Madrid, Spain" xml:lang="en">Díez Nicolás, Juan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="ASEP (Analisis Sociológicos Económicos y Políticos), Madrid, Spain" xml:lang="de">Díez Nicolás, Juan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Statsvetenskapliga Institutionen, Department of Political Science, Göteborg University, Sweden" xml:lang="en">Holmberg, Sören
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Statsvetenskapliga Institutionen, Department of Political Science, Göteborg University, Sweden" xml:lang="de">Holmberg, Sören
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="IPZ (Institut für Politikwissenschaft Zürich), Universität Zürich, Switzerland" xml:lang="en">Hardmeier, Sibylle
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="IPZ (Institut für Politikwissenschaft Zürich), Universität Zürich, Switzerland" xml:lang="de">Hardmeier, Sibylle
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="IPZ (Institut für Politikwissenschaft Zürich), Universität Zürich, Switzerland" xml:lang="en">Selb, Peter
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="IPZ (Institut für Politikwissenschaft Zürich), Universität Zürich, Switzerland" xml:lang="de">Selb, Peter
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, National Taiwan University, Taiwan" xml:lang="en">Chu, Yun-Han
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, National Taiwan University, Taiwan" xml:lang="de">Chu, Yun-Han
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science The University of Mississippi, United States (for Thailand)" xml:lang="en">Albritton, Robert B.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science The University of Mississippi, United States (for Thailand)" xml:lang="de">Albritton, Robert B.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="The King Prajadhipok´s Institute, Civil Service Training Institute Building, Thailand" xml:lang="en">Bureekul, Thawilwadee
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="The King Prajadhipok´s Institute, Civil Service Training Institute Building, Thailand" xml:lang="de">Bureekul, Thawilwadee
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty xml:lang="en">American National Election Studies (ANES), Center for Political Studies, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty xml:lang="de">American National Election Studies (ANES), Center for Political Studies, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Ukrainian Institute for Social Research, Kiev, Ukraine" xml:lang="en">Balakireva, Olga
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Ukrainian Institute for Social Research, Kiev, Ukraine" xml:lang="de">Balakireva, Olga
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States" xml:lang="en">Sapiro, Virginia
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States" xml:lang="de">Sapiro, Virginia
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States" xml:lang="en">Shively, W. Phillips
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States" xml:lang="de">Shively, W. Phillips
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        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=en-4.0">Political behaviour and attitudes</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="de" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=de-4.0.1">Politisches Verhalten und politische Einstellungen</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=en-4.0">Elections</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="de" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=de-4.0.1">Wahlen</topcClas>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">The module was administered as a post-election interview. The resulting data are provided along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables in a single dataset.  &lt;a href=http://www.cses.org/vartable.htm target=_blank&gt;CSES Variable List &lt;/a&gt; The list of variables is being provided on the CSES Website to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module.  Themes: MICRO-LEVEL DATA:  Identification and study administration variables: weighting factors;election type; date of election 1st and 2nd round; study timing (post election study, pre-election and post-election study, between rounds of majoritarian election);  mode of interview; gender of interviewer; date questionnaire administered; primary electoral district of respondent; number of days the interview was conducted after the election  Demography: age; gender; education; marital status; union membership; union membership of others in household; current employment status; main occupation; employment type - public or private; industrial sector; occupation of chief wage earner and of spouse; household income; number of persons in household; number of children in household under the age of 18; attendance at religious services; religiosity; religious denomination; language usually spoken at home; race; ethnicity; region of residence; rural or urban residence  Survey variables: respondent cast a ballot at the current and the previous election; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the previous election; satisfaction with the democratic process in the country; last election was conducted fairly; form of questionnaire (long or short); party identification; intensity of party identification; political parties care what people think; political parties are necessary; recall of candidates from the last election (name, gender and party); number of candidates correctly named; sympathy scale for selected parties and political leaders; assessment of the state of the economy in the country; assessment of economic development in the country; degree of improvement or deterioration of economy; politicians know what people think; contact with a member of parliament  or congress during the past twelve months; attitude towards selected statements: it makes a difference who is in power and who people vote for; people express their political opinion; self-assessment on a left-right-scale; assessment of parties and political leaders on a left-right-scale; political information items  DISTRICT-LEVEL DATA:  number of seats contested in electoral district; number of candidates; number of party lists; percent vote of different parties; official voter turnout in electoral district  MACRO-LEVEL DATA:  founding year of parties; ideological families of parties; international organization the parties belong to; left-right position of parties assigned by experts; election outcomes by parties in current (lower house/upper house) legislative election; percent of seats in lower house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of seats in upper house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of votes received by presidential candidate of parties in current elections; electoral turnout; electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign; existing electoral alliances; most salient factors in the election; head of state (regime type); if multiple rounds: selection of head of state; direct election of head of state and process of direct election; threshold for first-round victory; procedure for candidate selection at final round; simple majority or absolute majority for 2nd round victory; year of presidential election (before or after this legislative election); process if indirect election of head of state; head of government (president or prime minister); selection of prime minister; number of elected legislative chambers; for lower and upper houses was coded: number of electoral segments; number of primary districts; number of seats; district magnitude (number of members elected from each district); number of secondary and tertiary electoral districts; compulsory voting; votes cast; voting procedure; electoral formula; party threshold; parties can run joint lists; requirements for joint party lists; possibility of apparentement; types of apparentement agreements; multi-party endorsements; multi-party endorsements on ballot; ally party support; constitutional prerogatives of the head of state; constitutional powers of prime minister; methods of cabinet dismissal; dissolution of legislature</abstract>
      <sumDscr>
        <collDate xml:lang="en" date="1996-03-02" event="start"/><collDate xml:lang="en" date="2002-04-08" event="end"/>
        <nation xml:lang="en" abbr="AU">Australia</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="AU">Australien</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="BE">Belgium</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="BE">Belgien</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="CA">Canada</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="CA">Kanada</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="CL">Chile</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="CL">Chile</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="CZ">Czech Republic</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="CZ">Tschechische Republik</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="DK">Denmark</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="DK">Dänemark</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="DE">Germany</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="DE">Deutschland</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="HK">Hong Kong</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="HK">Hongkong</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="IS">Iceland</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="IS">Island</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="HU">Hungary</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="HU">Ungarn</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="IL">Israel</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="IL">Israel</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="JP">Japan</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="JP">Japan</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="KR">Korea, Republic of</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="KR">Korea, Republik</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="MX">Mexico</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="MX">Mexiko</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="NL">Netherlands</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="NL">Niederlande</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="NZ">New Zealand</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="NZ">Neuseeland</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="NO">Norway</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="NO">Norwegen</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="PE">Peru</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="PE">Peru</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="PL">Poland</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="PL">Polen</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="PT">Portugal</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="PT">Portugal</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="RO">Romania</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="RO">Rumänien</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="RU">Russian Federation</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="RU">Russische Föderation</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="SI">Slovenia</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="SI">Slowenien</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="ES">Spain</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="ES">Spanien</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="SE">Sweden</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="SE">Schweden</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="CH">Switzerland</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="CH">Schweiz</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="TW">Taiwan</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="TW">Taiwan</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="US">United States of America</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="US">Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="LT">Lithuania</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="LT">Litauen</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="BY">Belarus</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="BY">Weißrussland</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="TH">Thailand</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="TH">Thailand</nation><nation xml:lang="en" abbr="UA">Ukraine</nation><nation xml:lang="de" abbr="UA">Ukraine</nation>
      </sumDscr>
    </stdyInfo>
    <method>
      <dataColl>
        <sampProc xml:lang="en">Sampling procedures differ across countries. In most cases multistage stratified cluster sampling or stratified systematic random sampling was used. Detailed information on sampling for most countries is available in the codebook.<concept/></sampProc><sampProc xml:lang="de">Das Auswahlverfahren unterscheidet sich nach Ländern. In dem meisten Fällen wurde eine mehrstufige geschichtete Klumpenauswahl oder eine geschichtete systematische Zufallsauswahl verwendet. Mehr Informationen über die verwendeten Auswahlverfahren lassen sich dem Codebuch entnehmen.<concept/></sampProc>
        <collMode xml:lang="en">Individual level: Modes of data collection differ across countries. A standardized questionnaire was administered in face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews or as fixed form self-administered questionnaire.  District level: Aggregation of official electoral statistics.  Country level: Expert survey using fixed form self-administered questionnaire.<concept/></collMode><collMode xml:lang="de">Individualebene: Datenerhebungsverfahren unterscheiden sich nach Ländern. In den meisten Fällen wurde ein standardisierter Fragebogen in persönlichen Befragungen, telefonischen Befragungen oder als standardisierter Selbstausfüller eingesetzt.  Wahlbezirksebene: Aggregation von Daten aus der amtlichen Wahlstatistik.  Länderebene: Expertenbefragung mit standardisiertem Selbstausfüller.<concept/></collMode>
      </dataColl>
    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <useStmt>
        <restrctn xml:lang="en">0 - Data and documents are released for everybody.</restrctn><restrctn xml:lang="de">0 - Daten und Dokumente sind für jedermann freigegeben.</restrctn>
      </useStmt>
    </dataAccs>
    <othrStdyMat>
    </othrStdyMat>
  </stdyDscr>
  <fileDscr>
  </fileDscr>
</codeBook>
      </metadata>
      <about>
        <provenance xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/provenance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/provenance http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/provenance.xsd">
    <originDescription harvestDate="2025-06-17T02:59:23Z" altered="true">
      <baseURL>http://dbkapps.gesis.org/dbkoai/oai.asp</baseURL>
      <identifier>oai:dbk.gesis.org:DBK/ZA5179</identifier>
      <datestamp>2023-03-14</datestamp>
      <metadataNamespace>ddi:codebook:2_5</metadataNamespace>
    </originDescription>
</provenance>
      </about>
    </record>
  </GetRecord>
</OAI-PMH>