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        <titl xml:lang="en">Life Before Death, 1987</titl>
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        <topcClas xml:lang="en">Morbidity and mortality</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="en">Health care services and policies</topcClas>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">&lt;P&gt;Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.&lt;/P&gt;</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">1. To describe the last year in the lives of a random sample of adults dying in 1987.&lt;br&gt; 2. To make comparisons with an earlier study* and identify change in the nature and availability of care and in the attitudes and expectations of lay and professional carers.&lt;br&gt; 3. To make some assessment of the influence of the hospice movement on these changes.&lt;br&gt; 4. To describe in more detail than the previous 1969 study, the institutional care of people in the year preceeding their death.&lt;br&gt; 5. To determine the experience and views of the doctors and nurses involved in the care of these people in the last year of their lives.&lt;br&gt; 6. To describe the care and support given to close relatives both after and before the death.&lt;br&gt; *An earlier study &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Life Before Death, 1969&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; is held at the Data Archive as Study No. 393.</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">&lt;B&gt;Main Topics&lt;/B&gt;:&lt;BR&gt;</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">Methodological issues in studying life before death; the roles of professionals, hospitals, hospices, residential and nursing homes, and day centres in caring for the dying; the balance of care; hospice deaths and cancer deaths; experiences of those who died and those who cared for them; changes since 1969.&lt;br&gt; Characteristics of the general practitioners were obtained from DHSS data.</abstract>
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        <collDate xml:lang="en" event="single">1988 - 1989</collDate><collDate xml:lang="en" date="1988-01-01T00:00:00Z" event="start">01 January 1988</collDate><collDate xml:lang="en" date="1989-01-01T00:00:00Z" event="end">01 January 1989</collDate>
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        <anlyUnit xml:lang="en">Individuals<concept/></anlyUnit><anlyUnit xml:lang="en">National<concept/></anlyUnit><anlyUnit xml:lang="en">Carers<concept/></anlyUnit><anlyUnit xml:lang="en">General practitioners<concept/></anlyUnit><anlyUnit xml:lang="en">Medical consultants<concept/></anlyUnit><anlyUnit xml:lang="en">Nurses<concept/></anlyUnit><anlyUnit xml:lang="en">Patients<concept/></anlyUnit><anlyUnit xml:lang="en">Terminally ill<concept/></anlyUnit>
        <universe xml:lang="en" clusion="I">People who died in 1987 in England, via the views and experiences of: their relatives or others who knew them; their general practitioners; their consultants; their community nurses.</universe>
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        <timeMeth xml:lang="en">Follow-up to cross-sectional study<concept/></timeMeth>
        <sampProc xml:lang="en">One-stage stratified or systematic random sample<concept/></sampProc><sampProc xml:lang="en">Local authority areas (or combinations for small numbers of deaths) chosen after stratification into 3 groups:&lt;br&gt; (1) with no hospice or hospice service&lt;br&gt; (2) hospice service but no beds&lt;br&gt; (3) hospice service with beds.&lt;br&gt; For further details see documentation.<concept/></sampProc>
        <collMode xml:lang="en">Face-to-face interview<concept/></collMode><collMode xml:lang="en">Telephone interview<concept/></collMode><collMode xml:lang="en">Postal survey<concept/></collMode><collMode xml:lang="en">Questionnaire interview with person who knew most about those who died; postal questionnaire to general practitioners and consultants about views and experiences; Face to face, postal and telephone interviewing was used for community nurses.<concept/></collMode>
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        Seale, C. (1992) 'Community care for the dying'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, Nursing Times, 15-21
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        Seale, C. (1991) 'Communication and awareness about death :: a study of a random sample of dying people'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, Social Science and Medicine, 943-952
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        Seale, C. and Cartwright, A. (1990) &lt;i&gt;The natural history of a survey :: an account of the methodological issues encountered in a study of life before death&lt;/i&gt; [Research report], London: King Edward's Hospital Fund.
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        Cartwright, A. (1992) 'Social class differences in health and care in the year before death'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54-57
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        Seale, C. (1991) 'Death from cancer and death from other causes :: the relevance of the hospice approach'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, Palliative Medicine, 12-19
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        Cartwright, A. (1990) &lt;i&gt;The role of the general practitioner in caring for people in the last year of their lives&lt;/i&gt; [Research report], London: King Edward's Hospital Fund.
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        Cartwright, A. (1991) 'The relationship between general practitioners, hospital consultants and community nurses when caring for people in the last year of their lives'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, Family Practice, 350-355
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        Cartwright, A. (1991) 'Is religion a help around the time of death?'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, Public Health, 79-87
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        Cartwright, A. (1991) 'The balance of care for the dying between hospitals and the community :: the perceptions of general practitioners, hospital consultants, community nurses and relatives'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, British Journal of General Practice, 271-274
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        Seale, C. (1991) 'A comparison of hospice and conventional care'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, Social Science and Medicine, 147-152
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        Cartwright, A. (1991) 'The role of residential and nursing homes in the last year of people's lives'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, British Journal of Social Work, 627-645
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        Seale, C. (1990) 'Caring for people who die :'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, Ageing and Society, 413-428
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        Cartwright, A. (1992) 'Changes in the year before death 1969-87'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, Nursing Times, 51
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