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          <titl xml:lang="sv">Varianter på demokrati Dataset - Version 8 - Land-Datum: V-Dem</titl>
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        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg" xml:lang="en">Lindberg, Staffan I.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Göteborgs universitet" xml:lang="sv">Lindberg, Staffan I.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Aarhus University" xml:lang="en">Skaaning, Svend-Erik
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        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Lund University" xml:lang="en">Teorell, Jan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Lunds universitet" xml:lang="sv">Teorell, Jan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile" xml:lang="en">David, Altman
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile" xml:lang="sv">David, Altman
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Florida" xml:lang="en">Bernhard, Michael
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Florida" xml:lang="sv">Bernhard, Michael
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of California-Berkeley" xml:lang="en">Fish, M. Steven
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        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Michigan" xml:lang="en">Hicken, Allen
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Michigan" xml:lang="sv">Hicken, Allen
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Gothenburg" xml:lang="en">Krussel, Joshua
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Göteborgs universitet" xml:lang="sv">Krussel, Joshua
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Gothenburg" xml:lang="en">Lührmann, Anna
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        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Gothenburg" xml:lang="en">Medzihorsky, Juraj
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        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of East Anglia" xml:lang="sv">Tzelgov, Eitan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Cheng Kung University" xml:lang="en">Wang, Yi-ting
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Cheng Kung University" xml:lang="sv">Wang, Yi-ting
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Oslo" xml:lang="en">Wig, Tore
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Oslo" xml:lang="sv">Wig, Tore
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="The University of Nevada at Reno" xml:lang="en">Wilson, Steven
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="The University of Nevada at Reno" xml:lang="sv">Wilson, Steven
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Harvard University" xml:lang="en">Ziblatt, Daniel
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Harvard University" xml:lang="sv">Ziblatt, Daniel
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) is a new approach to conceptualizing and measuring democracy. We provide a multidimensional and disaggregated dataset that reflects the complexity of the concept of democracy as a system of rule that goes beyond the simple presence of elections. The V-Dem project distinguishes between five highlevel principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian, and collects data to measure these principles.  V-Dem draws on theoretical and methodological expertise from its worldwide team to produce data in the most objective and reliable way possible. Approximately half of the indicators in the V-Dem dataset are based on factual information obtainable from official documents such as constitutions and government records. The other half consists of evaluative indicators on topics like political practices and compliance with de jure rules. On such issues, typically five experts provide ratings. V-Dem works closely with leading social science research methodologists and has developed a state of the art Bayesian Item Response Theory measurement model that, to the extent possible, minimizes coder error and addresses issues of comparability across countries and over time. V-Dem also draws on the team’s academic expertise to develop theoretically informed techniques for aggregating indicators into mid- and high-level indices. In this sense, V-Dem is at the cutting edge of developing new and improved methods of social science measurement.</abstract><abstract xml:lang="sv">Varianter på demokrati (V-Dem) är ett internationellt forskningsprojekt vars syfte är att ta fram nya indikatorer på demokrati, i alla världens länder från år 1789 fram till idag. V-Dem erbjuder ett nytt sätt att konceptualisera och mäta demokrati, och särskiljer mellan fem demokratiprinciper: val-, liberal-, deltagar-, deliberativoch jämlikhetsdemokrati, och samlar in data för att mäta dessa.</abstract>
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