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DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 9072 British Social Attitudes Survey, 2021 907210.5255/UKDA-SN-9072-1 NatCen Social Research Copyright National Centre for Social Research Department for Work and PensionsGovernment Equalities OfficeNuffield TrustThe King's FundDepartment for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities UK Data Service 03 April 2023 SOCIAL INEQUALITYTRUSTSCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTPOLITICAL EXTREMISMPARENTAL LEAVECAREGIVERSHOME-BASED WORKIMMIGRATIONELECTIONSRELIGIONHOSPITAL ADMISSIONSINTERPERSONAL RELATIONSMAINTENANCEPREJUDICEFLEXIBLE WORKING TIMEMENTAL HEALTHDISCRIMINATIONCOVID-19SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHEMPLOYMENT HISTORYSOCIAL HOUSINGSOCIAL WELFARE PHILOSOPHYSTANDARD OF LIVINGLABOUR PARTY (GREAT BRITAIN)DECENTRALIZED GOVERNMENTEDUCATIONSPOUSE'S EMPLOYMENTOCCUPATIONSGOVERNMENT POLICYPOLITICAL ATTITUDESDEBILITATIVE ILLNESSLIVING CONDITIONSMARITAL STATUSHOURS OF WORKCHILD BENEFITSHEALTHQUALIFICATIONSWORKING CONDITIONSOCCUPATIONAL QUALIFICATIONSCHILDRENRETIREMENTHOUSING TENURESOCIAL ATTITUDESSOCIAL ISSUESTRUST IN GOVERNMENTCENTRAL GOVERNMENTECONOMIC ACTIVITYSOCIAL CLASSSUPERVISORY STATUSSPOUSE'S ECONOMIC ACTIVITYBRITISH POLITICAL PARTIESINCOMEEMPLOYERSSTATE HEALTH SERVICESNEWSPAPER READERSHIPSELF-EMPLOYEDFAMILIESSOCIAL SUPPORTCARSHOME OWNERSHIPSOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUSSOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITSTRADE UNION MEMBERSHIPPUBLIC SECTORFAMILY MEMBERSPUBLIC EXPENDITUREEQUALITY BEFORE THE LAWCIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTSAGEDISABILITIESCONSERVATIVE PARTY (GREAT BRITAIN)HEALTH SERVICESPUBLIC TRANSPORTETHNIC GROUPSSTATE RESPONSIBILITYPART-TIME EMPLOYMENTRELIGIOUS ATTENDANCENATIONAL IDENTITYPOLITICAL INTERESTEDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDELDERLYGENDERNATIONALITYFATHER'S OCCUPATIONTELEVISION VIEWINGHOSPITAL SERVICESCARE OF DEPENDANTSPRIVATE SECTORSPOUSESPOVERTYEMPLOYEESADULTSHOUSEHOLDSPOLITICAL ALLEGIANCEQUALITY OF LIFEFINANCIAL DIFFICULTIESGOVERNMENT ROLELIFE SATISFACTIONFULL-TIME EMPLOYMENTCENSORSHIPRELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONDEATH PENALTYEMPLOYMENTACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTGENDER ROLEHIGHER EDUCATIONCITIZENSHIPINTERNATIONAL RELATIONSCULTURAL IDENTITYPATRIOTISMEUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN INTEGRATIONBUSINESS OWNERSHIPCOST OF LIVINGSATISFACTION WITH SERVICESACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICESCARE STANDARDSEDUCATIONAL FEESEUROPEAN UNION MEMBERSHIPHOUSING CONSTRUCTIONHOUSING POLICYDEVELOPMENT PLANNINGCHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONSECONOMIC INDICATORSINTERNET USESOCIAL WELFAREPOLITICSTRANSPORTWELL-BEING (SOCIETY)PENSIONSTRADE UNIONSSEXUAL IDENTITYTRUST IN OFFICIAL STATISTICSEU REFERENDUM 2016 Social behaviour and attitudesSocial conditions and indicators <P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P><p><strong>Background</strong><br>The&nbsp;British Social Attitudes (BSA) survey series began in 1983. The series is designed to produce annual measures of attitudinal movements to complement large-scale government surveys that deal largely with facts and behaviour patterns, and&nbsp;the data on party political attitudes produced by opinion polls. One of the BSA's main purposes is to allow the monitoring of patterns of continuity and change, and the examination of the relative rates at which attitudes, in respect of a range of social issues, change over time. Some questions are asked regularly, others less often. Funding for BSA comes from a number of sources (including government departments, the Economic and Social Research Council and other research foundations), but the final responsibility for the coverage and wording of the annual questionnaires rests with NatCen Social Research (formerly Social and Community Planning Research). The BSA has been conducted every year since 1983, except in 1988 and 1992 when core funding was devoted to the British Election Study (BES).<br><br>Further information about the series and links to publications may be found on the NatCen Social Research <a title="British Social Attitudes" href="https://natcen.ac.uk/flagship-surveys">British Social Attitudes</a> webpage.</p><p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal"></p> <p></p> <div><span style="font-weight: bold;">BSA 2021</span></div><div><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br></span></div><div>The 2021 BSA survey used a mixed-mode push-to-web design with an optional Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) opt-in. Letters were sent to a random sample of addresses inviting up to two household members to complete the survey online, with an option to be interviewed by phone if preferred. This is the same design used for the 2020 BSA. Before 2020, BSA was a face-to-face survey, but this was changed due to the public health measures introduced in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>The full BSA 2021 report, <a title="Broken Britain? Public attitudes in an era of crisis" href="https://www.bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-39/introduction.aspx" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Broken Britain? Public attitudes in an era of crisis</a> is available from the NatCen Social Research website.</div><div><div><div id="x_x_x_x_x_x_x__com_1" class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_msocomtxt"><span> </span> <p></p> </div> </div> </div><B>Main Topics</B>:<BR>Each year, the BSA interview questionnaire contains a number of 'core' questions, which are repeated in most years. In addition, a wide range of background and classificatory questions is included. The remainder of the questionnaire is devoted to a series of questions (modules) on a range of social, economic, political and moral issues - some are asked regularly, others less often. Cross-indexes of those questions asked more than once appear in the reports.<div>In 2021 the questionnaire included the following topics: Household Composition,&nbsp;Employment, Politics, Welfare, Benefits and Income, National Identity and Ethnicity, Religion, Disability, Education, EU Referendum and the General Election, Benefits and Income, Spending and Governance, Immigration, Equal Opportunities, Identity and Britishness, Work and Health, Child Maintenance, Digital, Work and COVID-19, Pensions and Retirement, Sexual Relationships, Parental Leave, Disability, Mental Health and the Workplace, Social Mobility, Social Class, Satisfaction with Health and Care Services, Health and Care Spending, NHS Priorities and Principles, New Home Building, Buying or Renting a Home, COVID-19 and the Home.&nbsp;<br></div> 16 September 2021 - 31 October 202115 September 202130 October 2021 Great Britain IndividualsNational Numeric Repeated cross-sectional studyThe BSA survey is conducted annually. Multi-stage stratified random sampleSee documentation for each BSA year for full details. Telephone interview: Computer-assisted (CATI)Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI) <p>The Data Collection is available to UK Data Service registered users subject to the&nbsp;<a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">End User Licence Agreement</a>.</p><p>Commercial use of the data and use of the data by commercial users requires approval from the data owner or their nominee. The UK Data Service will contact you.</p> See <restrctn> https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/learning-hub/students/resources/quick-start-bsa/ https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=58 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=123 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=38 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=151 https://natcen.ac.uk/flagship-surveys Tanner, W., Krasniqi, F., Blagden, J. (2021) 'Age of alienation: the collapse in community and belonging among young people, and how we should respond', Onward. https://www.ukonward.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Age-of-Alienation.pdf https://www.ukonward.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Age-of-Alienation.pdf Heller, A. L. (2021) 'Public support for electoral reform: the role of electoral system experience', Electoral Studies, 72. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102348 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102348 Begum, S. and Williams, M. (2023) 'Dear Stephen: Race and belonging 30 years on', The Runnymede Trust https://www.runnymedetrust.org/publications/dear-stephen-race-and-belonging-30-years-on Cooper, C.H.V., Fahey, K. and Jones, R. (2025) 'Biased perceptions of public opinion don't define echo chambers but reveal systematic differences in political awareness', PLOS ONE, 20(6): e0324507.doi:0.1371/journal.pone.0324507 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324507 British Social Attitudes 39: Broken Britain? https://www.bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-39/introduction.aspx https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 9072 2025-09-26T03:37:25Z ddi:codebook:2_5