2026-04-30T12:18:01Z https://datacatalogue.cessda.eu/oai-pmh/v0/oai

9089495ac8eb1a7e6338ae9f1838446ac585a4798ba93436cde8cc2d3fba3920 2025-10-09T03:59:41Z language:enopenaire_data

DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 8506 UNESCO Research and Experimental Development, 1996-2018 850610.5255/UKDA-SN-8506-1 UNESCO Institute for Statistics Copyright UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) UK Data Service 27 February 2020 RESEARCHKNOWLEDGE (AWARENESS)SOCIAL SYSTEMS Science and technology <P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>The UIS hosts the only global database of cross-nationally comparable indicators on innovation, which involves countries at all income levels. Data collection in this area is relatively new for many countries. So the UIS helps them design their own national surveys by providing training and technical assistance on international methodological frameworks and guidelines, such as the Oslo Manual, which are developed in consultation with partners, such as Eurostat, OECD and RICYT. The UIS also work closely with the African Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (ASTII) Initiative of the African Union. By working closely with these partners and national statistical offices, the UIS can align and harmonise the surveys and methodological frameworks, such as the Frascati Manual, used at the global, regional and national levels to ensure that resulting data can be compared across countries. This is essential to gain a global perspective on science and technology. The UIS also provide training and methodological resources to help countries develop their own national surveys on R&amp;D and improve the quality and use of their data. AfghanistanMulti-nationAlbaniaAlgeriaAndorraAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaArubaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBermudaBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBrunei DarussalamBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChadChannel IslandsChileChinaColombiaComorosCongoCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCuracaoCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEstoniaEthiopiaEuropeEuropean Union Countries (1993-)Faroe IslandsFinlandFranceGabonGambiaGeorgiaGermany (October 1990-)GhanaGibraltarGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsle of ManIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKosovoKuwaitKyrgyzstanLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacaoMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaliMaltaMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMoldovaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayRomaniaRussiaRwandaSaint LuciaSaint MartinSaint VincentSaotomeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovak RepublicSloveniaSolomon IslandsSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSpainSri LankaSudanSurinamSwazilandSwitzerlandTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTogoTrinidad and TobagoTurkeyTurkmenistanUgandaUkraineUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamVirgin Islands (USA)ZambiaZimbabwe Numeric Time Series The depositor has specified that registration is not required. See <restrctn> https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 8506 2024-11-29T07:21:49Z ddi:codebook:2_5