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DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 6397 Health Survey for England, 2008 639710.5255/UKDA-SN-6397-2 University College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health National Centre for Social Research <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/re-using-public-sector-information/uk-government-licensing-framework/crown-copyright/" target="_blank">© Crown copyright</a>. The use of these data is subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">UK Data Service End User Licence Agreement</a>. Additional restrictions may also apply. Information Centre for Health and Social Care UK Data Service 11 March 2010 AGEALCOHOL USEALCOHOLIC DRINKSANXIETYATTITUDESBEDROOMSANTHROPOMETRIC DATACHILDRENCLINICAL TESTS AND MEASUREMENTSCONCENTRATIONCYCLINGDEBILITATIVE ILLNESSECONOMIC ACTIVITYEMPLOYMENTETHNIC GROUPSFATHERSFRIENDSFRUITFURNISHED ACCOMMODATIONGENDERHAPPINESSHEADS OF HOUSEHOLDHEALTHHEALTH PROFESSIONALSHEIGHT (PHYSIOLOGY)HOUSEHOLDSHOUSING TENUREILL HEALTHJOB HUNTINGLANDLORDSLEGUMESMARITAL STATUSHEALTH CONSULTATIONSMEDICAL PRESCRIPTIONSMEDICINAL DRUGSMENTAL HEALTHMOTHERSMOTOR PROCESSESMOTOR VEHICLESMUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEMNURSESOCCUPATIONAL QUALIFICATIONSPASSIVE SMOKINGPHYSICIANSPREGNANCYPRESERVED FOODSQUALIFICATIONSRESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASESSELF-EMPLOYEDSELF-ESTEEMSMOKINGSMOKING CESSATIONSOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITSSOCIAL SUPPORTSPORTSUPERVISORY STATUSTIED HOUSINGTOBACCOUNFURNISHED ACCOMMODATIONVEGETABLESWALKINGWEIGHT (PHYSIOLOGY)VITAMINSDIET AND EXERCISEEMOTIONAL STATESINFANTSSTRESS (PSYCHOLOGICAL)RESIDENTIAL MOBILITYHEART DISEASESDAIRY PRODUCTSCONFECTIONERYDIABETESEXERCISE (PHYSICAL ACTIVITY)EDIBLE FATSHEALTH ADVICEHOUSEWORKGARDENINGPHYSICAL ACTIVITIESMILKMEATPAINRENTED ACCOMMODATIONFOODSOCIAL CLASSSAVOURY SNACKSSOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUSVASCULAR DISEASESSURGERYHOUSEHOLD INCOMEINCOMECOHABITATIONPREMATURE BIRTHSPHYSICAL MOBILITYHEARING IMPAIRMENTSVISION IMPAIRMENTSCONFUSIONBACTERIAL AND VIRUS DISEASESDIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERSNERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASESSKIN DISEASESENDOCRINE DISORDERSMENTAL DISORDERSCHILD BEHAVIOURCHILD DEVELOPMENTEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENTCHILD CARECHILD NUTRITIONCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESSMOKING RESTRICTIONSSTATUS IN EMPLOYMENTTOP MANAGEMENTMANAGERSBICYCLESWEIGHT CONTROLCEREAL PRODUCTSFISH (AS FOOD)DEPRESSIONEYE DISEASESEAR DISEASESIMMUNIZATIONHEALTH STATUSCLEANINGSOCIAL ACTIVITIES (LEISURE)SKATINGPLAYBALL GAMESSWIMMINGAEROBIC EXERCISERACKET GAMESRUNNINGGYMNASTICSWEIGHT LIFTINGTIMETELEVISION VIEWINGSITTINGBUILDING MAINTENANCELEISURE TIME ACTIVITIESLUNG DISEASESJOINT DISEASESASTHMAHEADACHESBODY CIRCUMFERENCE MEASUREMENTS Health care services and policiesGeneral health and well-being Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.<div>The Health Survey for England (HSE) is a series of surveys designed to monitor trends in the nation's health.  It was commissioned by NHS Digital and carried out by the Joint Health Surveys Unit of the National Centre for Social Research and the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London.</div><div> </div><div>The aims of the HSE series are:</div><ul><li>to provide annual data about the nation’s health;</li><li>to estimate the proportion of people in England with specified health conditions;</li><li>to estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these conditions;</li><li>to examine differences between population subgroups in their likelihood of having specific conditions or risk factors;</li><li>to assess the frequency with which particular combinations of risk factors are found, and which groups these combinations most commonly occur;</li><li>to monitor progress towards selected health targets</li><li>since 1995, to measure the height of children at different ages, replacing the National Study of Health and Growth;</li><li>since 1995, monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.</li></ul>The survey includes a number of core questions every year but also focuses on different health issues at each wave. Topics are revisited at appropriate intervals in order to monitor change. Further information about the series may be found on the NHS Digital <a href="https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/areas-of-interest/public-health/health-survey-for-england---health-social-care-and-lifestyles#about-the-survey" title="Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles" target="_blank">Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles</a> webpage, the NatCen Social Research <a href="https://natcen.ac.uk/s/health-survey-england" title="NatCen Health Survey for England" target="_blank">NatCen Health Survey for England</a> webpage and the University College London Health and Social Surveys Research Group <a title="UCL Health Survey for England" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/epidemiology-health-care/research/epidemiology-and-public-health/research/health-and-social-surveys-research-group/studies-0" target="_blank">UCL Health Survey for England</a> webpage. Changes to the HSE from 2015: Users should note that from 2015 survey onwards, only the individual data file is available under standard End User Licence (EUL). The household data file is now only included in the Special Licence (SL) version, released from 2015 onwards. In addition, the SL individual file contains all the variables included in the HSE EUL dataset, plus others, including variables removed from the EUL version after the NHS England disclosure review. The SL HSE is subject to more restrictive access conditions than the EUL version (see Access information). Users are advised to obtain the EUL version to see if it meets their needs before considering an application for the SL version.COVID-19 and the HSE: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the HSE 2020 survey was stopped in March 2020 and never re-started. There was no publication that year. The survey resumed in 2021, albeit with an amended methodology. The full HSE resumed in 2022, with an extended fieldwork period. Due to this, the decision was taken not to progress with the 2023 survey, to maximise the 2022 survey response and enable more robust reporting of data. See the <a href="https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/areas-of-interest/public-health/health-survey-for-england---health-social-care-and-lifestyles#about-the-survey">NHS Digital Health Survey for England - Health, social care and lifestyles</a> webpage for more details. The HSE 2008 provides data at both national and regional level about the population living in private households in England. The sample comprised two components: the core (general population) sample and a boost sample of children. The core sample was designed to be representative of the population living in private households in England. The reports for the 2008 survey may be found on the HSCIC <a href="http://www.hscic.gov.uk/pubs/hse08physicalactivity" title="HSE 2008 publications">HSE 2008 publications</a> webpage. For the HSE core sample, all adults aged 16 years or older at each household were selected for the interview (maximum ten adults). However, a maximum of two children aged 0-15 were interviewed per household. For households with three or more children, interviewers selected two children at random. At boost addresses interviewers screened for households containing at least one child aged 2-15 years. For households which included eligible children, up to two were selected by the interviewer for inclusion in the survey. Interviewing was conducted throughout the year to take account of seasonal differences. New editions and changes over time:<ul><li>For the second edition (October 2010), an updated version of the individual-level file was deposited, with amended GHQ12 variables. The code for respondents who did not answer the GHQ12 questions is now set at '-1' rather than '0’.</li><li>For the third edition (July 2011), the GHQ12 variables were further amended to correct errors in the GHQ12 scores. See document 'Note about GHQ12 problems in HSE Data' for details.</li><li>For the fourth edition (August 2013), since publication of the HSE 2008 survey report, four survey participants (one household) have withdrawn their consent and had their records removed from the data. Therefore, the number of cases have now been reduced to 22,619 in the individual file and 31,923 in the household file. Consequently, users may not find it possible to reproduce some figures with the same degree of accuracy presented in the accompanying documentation.</li></ul>Main Topics: The primary focus of HSE 2008 was physical activity and fitness. Adults and children were asked to recall their physical activity over recent weeks, and objective measures of physical activity and cardiovascular fitness were also obtained. Data collection involved an interview, followed by a visit from a specially trained nurse for all those in the core sample who agreed. Both used computer assisted interviewing. The nurse visit included measurements and collection of blood and saliva samples, as well as additional questions. Children aged 13-15 were interviewed themselves, and parents of children aged 0-12 were asked about their children, with the child interview including questions on physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption. Standard Measures: <li>Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)</li> January 2008 - April 200901 January 200831 March 2009 England NationalIndividuals Adults (aged 16 and over) and children (aged 0-15 years) in the general population, living in private households in England during 2008. Numeric Repeated cross-sectional studyThe survey is conducted annually. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interviewSelf-completionClinical measurementsPhysical measurementsCAPI The Data Collection is available to UK Data Service registered users subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">End User Licence Agreement</a>.Access is limited to users based in Higher Education/Further Education institutions, central and local government, the NHS, research companies and charities for non-commercial and teaching purposes. Commercial use is not permitted. Commercial users may apply for the data, provided it is for non-commercial purposes only; access is subject to depositor approval. Data storage and access are limited to the UK and countries that the UK deemed to have an adequate level of data protection as follows: European Economic Area countries, Andorra, Argentina, Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Israel, Isle of Man, Jersey, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Switzerland and Uruguay. See <restrctn> https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/ http://healthsurvey.hscic.gov.uk/data-visualisation/data-visualisation/explore-the-trends.aspx http://natcen.ac.uk/our-research/research/health-survey-for-england/ https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/learning-hub/students/resources/quick-start-hse/ https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=124 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=146 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=53 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=148 doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5855 doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5855 Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5855 Usher-Smith, J., Sharp, S., Luben, R. and Griffin, S. (2018) 'Development and validation of lifestyle-based models to predict incidence of the most common potentially preventable cancers', Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, pii: cebp.0400.2018 https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0400 Kypridemos, C., Collins, B., McHale, P., Bromley, H., Parvulescu, P., Capewell, S. and O'Flaherty, M. (2018) 'Future cost-effectiveness and equity of the NHS Health Check cardiovascular disease prevention programme: Microsimulation modelling using data from Liverpool, UK', PLOS Medicine, 15:e1002573 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002573 Semlyen, J., Curtis, T. and Varney, J. (2019) 'Sexual orientation identity in relation to unhealthy body mass index: individual participant data meta-analysis of 93,429 individuals from 12 UK health surveys', Journal of Public Health, fdy224, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy224. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy224 Adjaye-Gbewonyo, K. and Cois, A. (2022) 'Explaining population trends in cardiovascular risk: Protocol for a comparative analysis of health transitions in South Africa and England using nationally representative survey data', BMJ Open, 12(3), e061034. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061034 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061034 Ogunlayi, F., Coleman, P.C., Fat, L.N.x, et al. (2023) 'Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in behavioural non-communicable disease risk factors: analysis of repeated cross-sectional health surveys in England between 2003 and 2019', BMC Public Health, 23, 1442. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16275-6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16275-6 Fforde, R., Parsons, N. and Oyebode, O. (2023) 'OP105 Does socio-economic status modify how individuals perceive and/or describe their own health? An assessment of reporting heterogeneity in the Health Survey for England', J Epidemiol Community Health, 77:A52. doi10.1136/jech-2023-SSMabstracts.104 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-SSMabstracts.104 Russell, S. J., Mytton, O. T., Viner, R. M. (2023). 'Estimating the effects of preventive and weight-management interventions on the prevalence of childhood obesity in England: a modelling study', Lancet Public Health 8(11), 878-888. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(23)00216-5/fulltext Opazo Breton, M. and Gray, L. (2023) 'An age-period-cohort (APC) approach to studying long-term trends in obesity and overweight in England (1992-2019)', Obesity (Silver Spring), 3(3): pp.823- 831. doi:10.1002/oby.23657 https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23657 Opazo Breton, M., et al. (2021) 'Understanding long-term trends in smoking in England, 1972-2019: an age-period-cohort approach', Addiction, 117(5), pp.1392-1403. doi:10.1111/add.15696 https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15696 Campbell, E., et. al. (2024) 'Sociodemographic and health-related differences in non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in the Health Survey for England 2013-2019', medRxiv 2024.02.12.24302519. doi: 10.1101/2024.02.12.24302519 https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.12.24302519 Office for National Statistics (2024) 'Risk factors for pre-diabetes and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in England: 2013 to 2019 https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthinequalities/bulletins/riskfactorsforprediabetesandundiagnosedtype2diabetesinengland/2013to2019 Lewer, D., Aldridge, R.W., Menezes, D., et al. (2019) 'Health-related quality of life and prevalence of six chronic diseases in homeless and housed people: a cross-sectional study in London and Birmingham, England', BMJ Open, e025192. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025192 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025192 Lewer, D., Meier, P., Beard, E. et al. (2016) 'Unravelling the alcohol harm paradox: a population-based study of social gradients across very heavy drinking thresholds', BMC Public Health 16, 599. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3265-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3265-9 Braat, S. et al. (2024) 'Haemoglobin thresholds to define anaemia from age 6 months to 65 years: estimates from international data sources', The Lancet Haematology. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(24)00030-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(24)00030-9 Fforde, R., Parsons, N. and Oyebode, O. (2024) 'Does socioeconomic status modify how individuals perceive or describe their own health? An assessment of reporting heterogeneity in the Health Survey for England', BMJ Public Health, 2:e000813. doi:10.1136/bmjph-2023-0008 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2023-0008 Scholes S, et al. Estimating Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Risk for the EXPOSE (Explaining Population Trends in Cardiovascular Risk: A Comparative Analysis of Health Transitions in South Africa and England) Study: Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Cardio. 2025 Jan 20. doi:10.2196/64893 https://doi.org/10.2196/64893 Rutter C.E. et al. International prevalence patterns of low eGFR in adults aged 18-60 without traditional risk factors from a population-based cross-sectional disadvantaged populations eGFR epidemiology (DEGREE) study. Kidney Int. 2025 Mar;107(3):541-557. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2024.11.028 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2024.11.028 Kypridemos, C., Collins, B., McHale, P., Bromley, H., Parvulescu, P., Capewell, S. and O'Flaherty, M. (2018) 'Future cost-effectiveness and equity of the NHS Health Check cardiovascular disease prevention programme: Microsimulation modelling using data from Liverpool, UK', PLOS Medicine https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002573 https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 6397 2025-12-23T06:27:34Z ddi:codebook:2_5