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        <titl xml:lang="en">International Passenger Survey: Quarter 1, 2020</titl>
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        <copyright xml:lang="en">&lt;a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/re-using-public-sector-information/uk-government-licensing-framework/crown-copyright/" target="_blank"&gt;© Crown copyright&lt;/a&gt;. The use of these data is subject to the &lt;a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;UK Data Service End User Licence Agreement&lt;/a&gt;. Additional restrictions may also apply.</copyright>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">&lt;P&gt;Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.&lt;/P&gt;The &lt;i&gt;International Passenger Survey&lt;/i&gt; (IPS) aims to collect data on both credits and debits for the travel account of the Balance of Payments, provide detailed visit information on overseas visitors to the United Kingdom (UK) for tourism policy, and collect data on international migration.&lt;br&gt;</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;International Passenger Survey and COVID-19&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;The Office for National Statistics notes that International Passenger Survey (IPS) interviewing was suspended on 16 March 2020 because of the coronavirus (COVID-19). It is not certain when it will resume.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Travel and tourism estimates for Quarter 1 (Jan to Mar) 2020 have been published to make the best possible use of the available data. The ONS expect that publishable estimates for March 2020 can be produced using the data collected up to 16 March 2020.&amp;nbsp;The data available from UKDS covers Quarter 1 2020 with four subject areas, termed 'Airmiles', 'Alcohol', 'Qregtown' and 'Qcontact'. These files can be joined together using the variables YEAR, SERIAL, FLOW and QUARTER.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;No IPS data will be collected for the period when the survey is not operational, and the usual travel and tourism outputs from the IPS will not be published for this period. However, the IPS team will publish information to help users to understand trends in total international travel, based on the available administrative data from the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and the Department for Transport (DfT). This will provide figures on numbers of international journeys arriving into and departing from the UK, but there will be no information about the characteristics of these passengers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Further information can be found on the ONS &lt;a title="Travel Trends" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/leisureandtourism/articles/traveltrends/2019"&gt;Travel Trends&lt;/a&gt; webpage.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">&lt;B&gt;Main Topics&lt;/B&gt;:&lt;BR&gt;</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">&lt;p&gt;Each of the four subject areas covers different topics:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;'Airmiles': quarter; flow; serial; UK port or route; direct leg overseas port; final overseas port; distance from UK port to first port; from first to second port; from UK port to second port&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;'Alcohol': year; quarter; month; flow; serial; money spent on spirits; wine; beer; champagne; cigarettes; hand-rolled and other tobacco&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;'Qreg': year; quarter; month; flow; serial; towns stayed in overnight; details of type of accommodation; number of nights spent in towns; expenditure in towns; regional stay weight; regional visit weight; regional expenditure weight; various validation checks&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;'Qcontact': year; quarter; month; flow; serial; nationality; country of visit/residence; UK counties; date visit began; purpose of visit; intended length of stay; number of people; package tour and cost; expenditure pre-, post- and during visit; flight prefix and suffix; first carrier air or shipping line; direct leg overseas port; final overseas port; long- or short-haul; type of vehicle; number travelling in vehicle; fare type and cost; class of travel; business trip; type of flight; flight origin or destination; gender; age group; UK port or route; quality of response; date of interview; money transfer, net and total expenditure; type of transport; arrivals (number of adults); departures (type of travelling group, number of adults and children); weighting variables; various validation checks&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</abstract>
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        Avogadro, N. and Redondi, R. (2023) 'Diverted and induced demand: evidence from the London-Paris passenger market', Research in Transportation Economics, 100, 101304. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2023.101304
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        Avogadro, N., Pels, E. and Redondi, R. (2023) 'Policy impacts on the propensity to travel by HSR in the Amsterdam-London market', Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 87, 101585. doi:10.1016/j.seps.2023.101585
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