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DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 3640 Health Survey for England, 1994 364010.5255/UKDA-SN-3640-2 Joint Health Surveys Unit of Social and Community Planning Research and University College London <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/re-using-public-sector-information/uk-government-licensing-framework/crown-copyright/" target="_blank">© Crown copyright</a>. The use of these data is subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">UK Data Service End User Licence Agreement</a>. Additional restrictions may also apply. Department of Health UK Data Service 15 August 1997 ADVANCED LEVEL EXAMINATIONSADVICEAGEALCOHOL USEALCOHOLIC DRINKSALCOHOLISMANXIETYAPPOINTMENT TO JOBAPPRENTICESHIPATTITUDESBALL GAMESBEDROOMSBEVERAGESBLOODANTHROPOMETRIC DATABUILDING MAINTENANCECANCERCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMCARE OF DEPENDANTSCAUSES OF DEATHCENTRAL HEATINGCEREAL PRODUCTSCERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATIONCLINICAL TESTS AND MEASUREMENTSHIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSCONCENTRATIONCONFECTIONERYCONTRACEPTIVE DEVICESCOUGHINGCYCLINGDAIRY PRODUCTSBEREAVEMENTDECISION MAKINGDEGREESDEPENDENCY RELATIONSHIPDEPRESSIONDIABETESDIET AND EXERCISEDISABILITIESDISABLED PERSONSDISEASESDOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITIESDRUG USEECONOMIC ACTIVITYEDIBLE FATSEDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDEMPLOYEESEMPLOYMENT HISTORYETHNIC GROUPSEXAMINATIONSEXERCISE (PHYSICAL ACTIVITY)FAMILIESFAMILY MEMBERSFATHERSFERTILITYFOOD SUPPLEMENTSFRIENDSFRIENDSHIPFRUITFULL-TIME EMPLOYMENTFURNISHED ACCOMMODATIONGARDENINGGENDERGENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATIONGENERAL PRACTITIONERSGYMNASTICSHEADS OF HOUSEHOLDHEALTHHEALTH PROFESSIONALSHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH CONSULTATIONSHEART DISEASESHEIGHT (PHYSIOLOGY)HOME OWNERSHIPHOSPITALIZATIONHOUSEHOLDSHOUSEWORKHOUSINGHOUSING TENUREINDUSTRIESINTERPERSONAL RELATIONSJOB DESCRIPTIONJOB HUNTINGLEGUMESMANAGERSMARITAL STATUSMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL DIAGNOSISMEDICAL HISTORYMEDICAL PRESCRIPTIONSMENSTRUATIONMENTAL HEALTHMILKNUMBER OF DEATHSMOTHERSMOTOR VEHICLESOBESITYOCCUPATIONAL QUALIFICATIONSOCCUPATIONSORDINARY LEVEL EXAMINATIONSHOSPITAL OUTPATIENT SERVICESPAINPARENTSPART-TIME EMPLOYMENTPATIENTSPHYSICAL ACTIVITIESPHYSICIANSPLACE OF BIRTHPREGNANCYPROFESSIONAL CONSULTATIONSQUALIFICATIONSRACKET GAMESRENTED ACCOMMODATIONREPETITIVE WORKRESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASESRETIREMENTRUNNINGSALTSCOTTISH CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATIONSELF-EMPLOYEDSELF-ESTEEMSMOKINGSMOKING CESSATIONSOCIAL HOUSINGSOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITSSOCIAL SUPPORTSPORTSTRESS (PSYCHOLOGICAL)STUDENTSSUGARSUPERVISORSSURGERYSWIMMINGSYMPTOMSTEACHER QUALIFICATIONSTELEPHONESTIED HOUSINGTOBACCOUNEMPLOYEDUNFURNISHED ACCOMMODATIONVEGETABLE OILSVEGETABLESVITAMINSVOCATIONAL EDUCATION CERTIFICATESWALKINGWEIGHT (PHYSIOLOGY)WORKERS PARTICIPATIONWORKING CONDITIONSYOUTH Health care services and policiesGeneral health and well-being <P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P><div>The <span style="font-style: italic;">Health Survey for England </span>(HSE)<span style="font-style: italic;">&nbsp;</span>is a series of surveys designed to monitor trends in the nation's health.&nbsp; It was commissioned by NHS Digital and carried out by the Joint Health Surveys Unit of the National Centre for Social Research and the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London.</div><div><br></div><div>The aims of the HSE series are:</div><ul><li>to provide annual data about the nation’s health;</li><li>to estimate the proportion of people in England with specified health conditions;</li><li>to estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these conditions;</li><li>to examine differences between population subgroups in their likelihood of having specific conditions or risk factors;</li><li>to assess the frequency with which particular combinations of risk factors are found, and which groups these combinations most commonly occur;</li><li>to monitor progress towards selected health targets</li><li>since 1995, to measure the height of children at different ages, replacing the National Study of Health and Growth;</li><li>since 1995, monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.</li></ul>The survey includes a number of core questions every year but also focuses on different health issues at each wave. Topics are revisited at appropriate intervals in order to monitor change. <br> <br> Further information about the series may be found on the NHS Digital <a href="https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/areas-of-interest/public-health/health-survey-for-england---health-social-care-and-lifestyles#about-the-survey" title="Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles" target="_blank">Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles</a> webpage, the NatCen Social Research <a href="https://natcen.ac.uk/s/health-survey-england" title="NatCen Health Survey for England" target="_blank">NatCen Health Survey for England</a> webpage and the University College London Health and Social Surveys Research Group&nbsp;<a title="UCL Health Survey for England" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/epidemiology-health-care/research/epidemiology-and-public-health/research/health-and-social-surveys-research-group/studies-0" target="_blank">UCL Health Survey for England</a>&nbsp;webpage.<br> <br> <p><strong>Changes to the HSE from 2015</strong>:<br>Users should note that from 2015 survey onwards, only the individual data file is available under standard End User Licence (EUL). The household data file is now only included in the Special Licence (SL) version, released from 2015 onwards. In addition, the SL individual file contains all the variables included in the HSE EUL dataset, plus others, including variables removed from the EUL version after the NHS England disclosure review. The SL HSE is subject to more restrictive access conditions than the EUL version (see Access information). Users are advised to obtain the EUL version to see if it meets their needs before considering an application for the SL version.</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">COVID-19 and the HSE:</span><br>Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the HSE 2020 survey was stopped in March 2020 and never re-started. There was no publication that year. The survey resumed in 2021, albeit with an amended methodology. The full HSE resumed in 2022, with an extended fieldwork period. Due to this, the decision was taken not to progress with the 2023 survey, to maximise the 2022 survey response and enable more robust reporting of data. See the <a href="https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/areas-of-interest/public-health/health-survey-for-england---health-social-care-and-lifestyles#about-the-survey">NHS Digital Health Survey for England - Health, social care and lifestyles</a> webpage for more details.<br></p>For the fifth edition (August 2017), a new version of the individual data file was deposited. A Government Office Region variable has been added, and some previous health authority and socio-economic variables removed.<br /><br /><B>Main Topics</B>:<BR>Cardiovascular disease; blood pressure; obesity; physical activity; eating habits; smoking; alcohol consumption; psychosocial well-being; general health; use of services; prescribed medicines; blood analysis.<br> Standard measures:<br> Medical Research Council respiratory questionnaire - used to obtain information on breathlessness in relation to CVD.<br> General health questionnaire - copyright David Goldberg, 1978 reproduced by permission of NFER - NELSON.<br> Rose angina questionnaire - chest pain and angina symptoms.<br> CAGE questionnaire - used to determine problem drinking (scale).<br> <br> Data on age at death, date of death and causes of death (ICD codes) are also included for those respondents known to have died. January 1994 - December 199401 January 199401 December 1994 England NationalAdultsIndividuals Adults (aged 16 and over) living in private households in England Repeated cross-sectional studyThe survey is conducted annually. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interviewSelf-completionClinical measurementsPhysical measurementsNurse visit to obtain blood pressure, demi-span and blood sample. <p>The Data Collection is available to UK Data Service registered users subject to the&nbsp;<a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">End User Licence Agreement</a>.</p><p>Access is limited to users based in Higher Education/Further Education institutions, central and local government, the NHS, research companies and charities for non-commercial and teaching purposes.&nbsp;</p><p>Commercial use is not permitted. Commercial users may apply for the data, provided it is for non-commercial purposes only; access is subject to depositor approval.&nbsp;</p><p>Data storage and access are limited to the UK and countries that the UK deemed to have an adequate level of data protection as follows: European Economic Area countries, Andorra, Argentina, Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Israel, Isle of Man, Jersey, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Switzerland and Uruguay.</p> See <restrctn> https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/ http://healthsurvey.hscic.gov.uk/data-visualisation/data-visualisation/explore-the-trends.aspx http://natcen.ac.uk/our-research/research/health-survey-for-england/ https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/learning-hub/students/resources/quick-start-hse/ https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=124 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=146 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=53 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=148 doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5855 doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5855 Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5855 Usher-Smith, J., Sharp, S., Luben, R. and Griffin, S. (2018) 'Development and validation of lifestyle-based models to predict incidence of the most common potentially preventable cancers', Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, pii: cebp.0400.2018 https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0400 Kypridemos, C., Collins, B., McHale, P., Bromley, H., Parvulescu, P., Capewell, S. and O'Flaherty, M. (2018) 'Future cost-effectiveness and equity of the NHS Health Check cardiovascular disease prevention programme: Microsimulation modelling using data from Liverpool, UK', PLOS Medicine, 15:e1002573 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002573 Semlyen, J., Curtis, T. and Varney, J. (2019) 'Sexual orientation identity in relation to unhealthy body mass index: individual participant data meta-analysis of 93,429 individuals from 12 UK health surveys'<i>, Journal of Public Health</i>, fdy224, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy224. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy224 Adjaye-Gbewonyo, K. and Cois, A. (2022) 'Explaining population trends in cardiovascular risk: Protocol for a comparative analysis of health transitions in South Africa and England using nationally representative survey data', BMJ Open, 12(3), e061034. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061034 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061034 Ogunlayi, F., Coleman, P.C., Fat, L.N.x, et al. (2023) 'Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in behavioural non-communicable disease risk factors: analysis of repeated cross-sectional health surveys in England between 2003 and 2019', BMC Public Health, 23, 1442. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16275-6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16275-6 Fforde, R., Parsons, N. and Oyebode, O. (2023) 'OP105 Does socio-economic status modify how individuals perceive and/or describe their own health? An assessment of reporting heterogeneity in the Health Survey for England', J Epidemiol Community Health, 77:A52. doi10.1136/jech-2023-SSMabstracts.104 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2023-SSMabstracts.104 Russell, S. J., Mytton, O. T., Viner, R. M. (2023). 'Estimating the effects of preventive and weight-management interventions on the prevalence of childhood obesity in England: a modelling study', Lancet Public Health 8(11), 878-888. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(23)00216-5/fulltext Opazo Breton, M. and Gray, L. (2023) 'An age-period-cohort (APC) approach to studying long-term trends in obesity and overweight in England (1992-2019)', Obesity (Silver Spring), 3(3): pp.823- 831. doi:10.1002/oby.23657 https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23657 Opazo Breton, M., et al. (2021) 'Understanding long-term trends in smoking in England, 1972-2019: an age-period-cohort approach', Addiction, 117(5), pp.1392-1403. doi:10.1111/add.15696 https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15696 Campbell, E., et. al. (2024) 'Sociodemographic and health-related differences in non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in the Health Survey for England 2013-2019', medRxiv 2024.02.12.24302519. doi: 10.1101/2024.02.12.24302519 https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.12.24302519 Office for National Statistics (2024) 'Risk factors for pre-diabetes and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in England: 2013 to 2019 https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthinequalities/bulletins/riskfactorsforprediabetesandundiagnosedtype2diabetesinengland/2013to2019 Lewer, D., Aldridge, R.W., Menezes, D., et al. (2019) 'Health-related quality of life and prevalence of six chronic diseases in homeless and housed people: a cross-sectional study in London and Birmingham, England', BMJ Open, e025192. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025192 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025192 Lewer, D., Meier, P., Beard, E. et al. (2016) 'Unravelling the alcohol harm paradox: a population-based study of social gradients across very heavy drinking thresholds', BMC Public Health 16, 599. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3265-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3265-9 Braat, S. et al. (2024) 'Haemoglobin thresholds to define anaemia from age 6 months to 65 years: estimates from international data sources', The Lancet Haematology. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(24)00030-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(24)00030-9 Fforde, R., Parsons, N. and Oyebode, O. (2024) 'Does socioeconomic status modify how individuals perceive or describe their own health? An assessment of reporting heterogeneity in the Health Survey for England', BMJ Public Health, 2:e000813. doi:10.1136/bmjph-2023-0008 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2023-0008 Scholes S, et al. Estimating Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Risk for the EXPOSE (Explaining Population Trends in Cardiovascular Risk: A Comparative Analysis of Health Transitions in South Africa and England) Study: Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Cardio. 2025 Jan 20. doi:10.2196/64893 https://doi.org/10.2196/64893 Rutter C.E. et al. International prevalence patterns of low eGFR in adults aged 18-60 without traditional risk factors from a population-based cross-sectional disadvantaged populations eGFR epidemiology (DEGREE) study. Kidney Int. 2025 Mar;107(3):541-557. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2024.11.028 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2024.11.028 https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 3640 2025-12-23T06:27:26Z ddi:codebook:2_5