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DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 6664 Annual Inquiry into Foreign Direct Investment, 1996-2019: Secure Access 666410.5255/UKDA-SN-6664-9 Office for National Statistics <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/re-using-public-sector-information/uk-government-licensing-framework/crown-copyright/" target="_blank">© Crown copyright</a>. The use of these data is subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">UK Data Service End User Licence Agreement</a>. Additional restrictions may also apply. Office for National Statistics UK Data Service 25 March 2011 INDUSTRIESPROFITSINTEREST (FINANCE)TAXATIONTAX REBATESSHARESFOREIGN EXCHANGEFOREIGN INVESTMENTDEBTSLOANSASSETSINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICSOVERSEAS TRANSACTIONSFOREIGN ENTERPRISES Trade, industry and marketsIncome, property and investment/saving Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Annual Inquiry into Foreign Direct Investment (AFDI) collects financial data concerning Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The survey is conducted in two parts: the inward FDI relates to foreign investment into the UK from foreign parent or subsidiary companies, while the outward FDI relates to investment by UK-based companies to their overseas parents or subsidiary companies. In particular, the AFDI surveys UK companies about their relationship with oversees affiliates in terms of flows of investment, earnings from investment and international investment positions. Companies are restricted to those where the foreign investment amounts to at least 10 percent of the ordinary shares or voting power. Two files are available for each year: for inward and outward FDI, respectively. Data on earnings for subsidiaries and branches are available, as well as transactions between UK companies and their foreign subsidiaries or parent companies, including transfers of capital. These data are useful to researchers who wish to analyse the relationship between UK companies and overseas-based parent companies or subsidiaries. The data are also useful for broader research into firm-level activity and foreign direct investment. Surveys are sent to enterprise group 'heads' (i.e. the headquarters of a company, which in turn may own a number of smaller companies) based in the UK. The register from which the firms are sampled comes from sources including HM Customs and Revenue, Dunn and Bradstreet's 'Worldbase' system, and ONS inquiries on Acquisitions and Mergers. Sampling is stratified and based on the value of the net investment position of the foreign affiliates (outward FDI) or the UK group (inward FDI). The sample is heavily weighted towards larger enterprise groups, which account for the vast majority of FDI assets. The largest firms all receive the survey forms, while only a proportion of the smaller firms receive the forms. The sample is rotated each year for the smaller firms. Data are collected on both the UK company and its foreign affiliate(s), which may be the overseas-based parent company or an overseas-based subsidiary. Linking to other business studies These data contain Inter-Departmental Business Register reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research. Latest edition information For the eighth edition (July 2021), the data files for 2017 have been updated, and the provisional data files for 2018 and 2019 have been added to the study.  Main Topics: For each company in the survey, information is collected on their foreign affiliate(s) with regard to:<ul><li>country and industry of operation</li><li>percentage of equity held (either by the UK company in its foreign subsidiary, or by the foreign parent company in its UK company)</li><li>operating profits (of the UK company and its affiliate)</li><li>transactions and flows of equity capital (e.g. payments made to the UK by its foreign parent company, or by the UK to its foreign subsidiary)</li><li>acquisitions and disposals of equity capital (by the foreign parent to its UK subsidiary, or by the UK company to its foreign subsidiary)</li><li>levels of investment (by the foreign parent to its UK subsidiary, or by the UK company to its foreign subsidiary), including: reinvestment of earnings; capital reserves; loans; current account balances</li></ul> Multi-nation Institutions/organisationsCross-nationalNational Enterprises operating in the UK in 1996-2019, and their oversees affiliates Numeric Repeated cross-sectional study One-stage stratified or systematic random sample Postal survey The Data Collection is available to users registered with the UK Data Service.Commercial use is not permitted.Use of the data requires approval from the data owner or their nominee. Registered users must apply for access via a DEA Research Project Application.Registered users must complete the Safe Researcher Training course and gain <a href="https://uksa.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/digitaleconomyact-research-statistics/better-useofdata-for-research-information-for-researchers/" target="_blank">DEA Accredited Researcher Status</a>.Registered users must be based in the UK when accessing data.The Data Collection must be accessed via a secure connection method in a safe environment approved by the UK Data Service. See <restrctn> Gagliardi, L., Iammarino, S. and Rodriguez-Pose, A. (2021) 'Exposure to OFDI and regional labour markets: Evidence for routine and non-routine jobs in Great Britain', Journal of Economic Geography, https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbaa040. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbaa040 Harris, R. and Moffat, J. (2019) 'The impact of product subsidies on plant‐level total factor productivity in Britain, 1997–2014', Scottish Journal of Political Economy, https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12240. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12240 Manderson, E.J. and Kneller, R. (2020) 'Energy endowments and the location of manufacturing firms', Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 101, 102301. doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102301 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102301 Harris, R. and Moffat, J. (2025) 'The effect of R&D co-location on innovation activities in Great Britain', Regional Studies, 59(1). doi:10.1080/00343404.2025.2496416 https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2025.2496416 https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 6664 2025-12-23T06:27:35Z ddi:codebook:2_5