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DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 9081 Harmonised English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: ELSA-HCAP, 2018 908110.5255/UKDA-SN-9081-2 NatCen Social Research University College London University of Manchester Institute for Fiscal Studies University of East Anglia University of Cambridge University of Exeter <div>Copyright held jointly between NatCen Social Research, University College London, University of Manchester, Institute for Fiscal Studies, University of East Anglia, University of Cambridge and University of Exeter&nbsp;</div><div><br></div> National Institute on Aging UK Data Service 12 May 2023 MEMORYCOGNITION DISORDERSDEMENTIACARE OF THE ELDERLYMENTAL HEALTHLANGUAGEVERBAL SKILLSPHYSICAL ACTIVITIESELDERLYALZHEIMER'S DISEASEMEMORY DISORDERSDISEASESCONCENTRATIONLEARNINGACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING HealthElderlyGeneral health and well-beingMedication and treatment <P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>&nbsp;<p>The Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) is part of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/epidemiology-health-care/research/bsh/research/psychobiology/healthy-cognitive-ageing-project-elsa-hcap">Healthy Cognitive Aging Project</a>, a study examining how people's memory and thinking change as they get older. In England, HCAP is a sub-study of ELSA, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a longitudinal survey of ageing and quality of life among older people that explores the dynamic relationships between health and functioning, social networks and participation, and economic position as people plan for, move into and progress beyond retirement. (The main ELSA study is held under SN 5050.)</p> <p>ELSA HCAP interviewed ELSA core members aged 65 and over, and included a second, shorter interview with an informant, who was a family member or friend nominated by the ELSA core member to complete an interview on their behalf.&nbsp;</p> <div>The HCAP study originated with the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the United States, which is a sister study to ELSA, a longitudinal study of people aged 50 and over in the United States. Researchers on HRS developed the protocols for HCAP, in discussion with researchers from ELSA and other international studies, and fieldwork in the United States began while ELSA HCAP in England was still in the planning stages.</div> <div> <div>The aim of ELSA HCAP is to measure the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment among older people in the ELSA panel, in order to:</div> <ul> <li>Understand more about how widespread these conditions are in England and increase our understanding of dementia;</li><li>Test how well the cognitive assessments used in this study can identify these conditions.</li></ul> <p>The University of Southern California (USC) Gateway to Global Aging Data team has created the Harmonized ELSA-HCAP data files, along with a codebook, to facilitate cross-country comparisons across the international family of HCAP studies.</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Latest edition information&nbsp;</span></p> </div> <p>For the second edition (September 2024), updated versions of the data and documentation have been deposited. This adds several important variables, including cross-study standardized total cognition score, and renames a host of variables to maintain compatibility with other Harmonized HCAP datasets.</p> <div> <p>The Harmonized ELSA-HCAP initiative is part of a larger set of projects that aim to facilitate cross-country comparisons using data from the HRS-family of HCAP studies. With funding and support from the National Institute of Aging, we have also created the Harmonized HRS-HCAP (USA), Harmonized LASI-DAD (India), and Harmonized MHAS Mex-Cog (Mexico), with the Harmonized Chile-Cog (Chile), Harmonized CHARLS-HCAP (China), Harmonized SHARE-HCAP (Europe + Israel), and Harmonized TILDA-HCAP (Ireland) planned for future release. Further information about these Harmonized data files with questionnaires and other metadata is available, see:&nbsp;<a href="https://g2aging.org">https://g2aging.org</a>.&nbsp;</p> <p><span></span></p> </div><B>Main Topics</B>:<BR><div class="x_x_x_collapse x_x_x_in" id="x_x_x_abstract"><span class=""> <ul> <li>Attention/concentration</li><li>Language</li><li>Memory</li><li>Orientation</li><li>Recall</li><li>Recognition</li></ul> </span></div> 15 January 201806 April 2018 England IndividualsNational Respondents of the ELSA study. Numeric Longitudinal/panel/cohort Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview: Computer-assisted (CAPI/CAMI)Face-to-face interview: Paper-and-pencil (PAPI)Face-to-face interviewTelephone interview: Computer-assisted (CATI) <p>The Data Collection is available to UK Data Service registered users subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">End User Licence Agreement</a>.</p><p>Commercial use of the data requires approval from the data owner or their nominee. The UK Data Service will contact you.</p> See <restrctn> https://www.elsa-project.ac.uk/ https://natcen.ac.uk/participant-contents/elsa-50-health-and-life https://www.elsa-project.ac.uk/training-resources https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=16 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=11 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=89 Kosciuszko, M., Steptoe, A. and Ajnakina, O. (2023) 'Genetic propensity, socioeconomic status, and trajectories of depression over a course of 14 years in older adults', Transl Psychiatry, 13, 68. doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02367-9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02367-9 Western, M.J. and Malkowski, O.S. (2022) 'Associations of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) with adverse health outcomes in older adults', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23):16319. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192316319 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316319 Malkowski, O.S., Kanabar, R. and Western, M.J. (2022) 'Socio-economic status and trajectories of a novel multidimensional metric of active and healthy ageing: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing', Sci Rep 13, 6107. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33371-0 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33371-0 Malkowski, O.S., Townsend, N.P., Kelson, M.J., et al. 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Plos one, 19(1), e0297422. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297422 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297422 Kontari, P., Fife-Schaw, C. and Smith K. (2023) 'Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors and dementia incidence in older adults: a cross-country comparison in England, the United States, and China', J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, Jun 1;78(6), pp.1035-1044. doi:10.1093/gerona/glac240 https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac240 Geraets, A.F.J. and Leist, A.K. (2023) 'Sex/gender and socioeconomic differences in modifiable risk factors for dementia', Sci Rep 13, 80. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-27368-4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-27368-4 Cartagena-Farias, J., Brimblecombe, N., and Knapp, M. (2024) Evaluating the association between receipt of a winter fuel cash transfer and older people’s care needs, quality of life, and housing quality: Evidence from England. 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(2025) ‘Bidirectional longitudinal associations between subjective oral health and subjective well-being’, Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 131:105740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2024.105740 Peycheva, D; Wielgoszewska, B; Zaninotto, P; Steptoe, A; Hardy, R. The associations of early and surgical menopause with 10-year employment trajectories bracketing final menstruation or surgery. Menopause ():10.1097/GME.0000000000002640, October 7, 2025. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000002640 https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000002640 Arabadzhyan, A., Jacob, N., Kasteridis, P., Mason, A., Rice, N. (2025). COVID-19 and domiciliary care utilisation: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Journal of the economics of ageing, 31, 100552. doi:10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100552 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2025.100552 Manca, R., Flatt, J. D., & Venneri, A. (2025). Differential Impact of Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline in Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Older Adults in England. Brain Sciences, 15(1), 90. doi:10.3390/brainsci15010090 https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010090 Manca, R., & Venneri, A. (2023). Minority stress and psychosocial influences on cognitive performance in sexual minority older adults. Innovation in Aging, 7(8), igad110. doi:10.1093/geroni/igad110 https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad110 Rosenau C, Köhler S, van Boxtel M, Tange H, Deckers K. Validation of the Updated “LIfestyle for BRAin health” (LIBRA) Index in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Maastricht Aging Study. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease. 2024;101(4):1237-1248. doi:10.3233/JAD-240666 https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-240666 https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 9081 2025-12-23T06:27:47Z ddi:codebook:2_5