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        <titl xml:lang="en">Survey of lower-secondary school teachers on the formulation of high school track recommendations</titl>
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        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Padova" xml:lang="en">Brunello, Giorgio
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Padova" xml:lang="de">Brunello, Giorgio
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Padova" xml:lang="en">Crocè, Clementina
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Padova" xml:lang="de">Crocè, Clementina
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Padova" xml:lang="en">Giustinelli, Pamela
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Padova" xml:lang="de">Giustinelli, Pamela
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Padova" xml:lang="en">Rocco, Lorenzo
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Padova" xml:lang="de">Rocco, Lorenzo
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">In Italy, students in eighth grade—the final year of lower secondary education—receive a high school track recommendation from their teachers. Although non-binding, these recommendations can influence educational choices. This survey was administered between January and June 2025 to approximately 1,000 teachers in a representative sample of 151 Italian lower secondary schools. Using a vignette design, the survey aims to understand how educational guidance is provided to eighth-grade students who are about to choose an upper secondary school track.</abstract><abstract xml:lang="de">In Italy, students in eighth grade—the final year of lower secondary education—receive a high school track recommendation from their teachers. Although non-binding, these recommendations can influence educational choices. This survey was administered between January and June 2025 to approximately 1,000 teachers in a representative sample of 151 Italian lower secondary schools. Using a vignette design, the survey aims to understand how educational guidance is provided to eighth-grade students who are about to choose an upper secondary school track.</abstract>
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