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DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 6690 Business Expenditure on Research and Development, 1995-2023: Secure Access 669010.5255/UKDA-SN-6690-13 Office for National Statistics <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/re-using-public-sector-information/uk-government-licensing-framework/crown-copyright/" target="_blank">© Crown copyright</a>. The use of these data is subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">UK Data Service End User Licence Agreement</a>. Additional restrictions may also apply. Office for National Statistics UK Data Service 25 March 2011 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTINDUSTRIESAPPLIED RESEARCHEMPLOYEESTURNOVERSMALL BUSINESSESRESEARCH WORKERSTECHNICIANSWAGESEXPENDITURERESEARCHBUILDINGSEQUIPMENTFINANCING Business/industrial management and organisation Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Business Expenditure on Research and Development is an annual survey whose main purpose is to supply data for policy purposes on Science and Technology, of which Research and Development is an important part. It uniquely provides information on total Research and Development expenditure in the UK by business enterprises, total Research and Development employment and sources of funds. Data are used on a regular basis by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT) for international comparisons in their publications. Linking to other business studies These data contain Inter-Departmental Business Register reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research. Postcodes for data up to 2017 are available only on special request. Data up to 2021 for UK and Northern Ireland are available only if approved by NISRA. Latest Edition Information For the thirteenth edition (May 2025), the 2022 and 2023 data have been added.Main Topics: The Reporting Units surveyed receive either a 'long form' or 'short form'. The long form asks for information on:<ul><li>in-house expenditure on Research and Development:<ul><li>broken down by product group and purpose (civil or defence)</li><li>broken down by funding sources: central government; private industry and public corporations; overseas EC programmes; overseas; own funds; other</li><li>current expenditure broken down by basic research; applied research; and experimental research</li><li>capital expenditure broken down by land and buildings; and plant and machinery</li></ul><li>Research and Development commissioned outside the company</li><li>number of employees working on Research and Development broken down by scientists and engineers; technicians; others</li></ul>Smaller firms receive a short form. This only asks for a breakdown of Research and Development by civil and defence for three questions. It requests aggregate figures for Intramural Research and Development (including both current and capital expenditure), purchasing of Research and Development (work conducted outside the company, funded by the business) and average employment on Research and Development (number of full time equivalents). Figures are constructed for those that filled in the short form to cover all the variables covered by the long form. For certain variables, values are imputed from third party sources or estimated rather than returned by respondents. All the un-sampled firms have figures imputed for the entire variable list. Great Britain Institutions/organisationsNational UK organisations that contributed to overall Research and Development activity and that were registered for VAT and/or PAYE in 1995 - 2023. Numeric Repeated cross-sectional study One-stage stratified or systematic random sample Self-administered questionnaire: Computer-assisted (CASI)Postal survey The Data Collection is available to users registered with the UK Data Service.Commercial use is not permitted.Use of the data requires approval from the data owner or their nominee. Registered users must apply for access via a DEA Research Project Application.Registered users must complete the Safe Researcher Training course and gain <a href="https://uksa.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/digitaleconomyact-research-statistics/better-useofdata-for-research-information-for-researchers/" target="_blank">DEA Accredited Researcher Status</a>.Registered users must be based in the UK when accessing data.The Data Collection must be accessed via a secure connection method in a safe environment approved by the UK Data Service. See <restrctn> https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=227 Harris, R. and Moffat, J. (2019) 'The impact of product subsidies on plant‐level total factor productivity in Britain, 1997–2014', Scottish Journal of Political Economy, https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12240. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12240 Leidecker, T. (2018) Three essays on the impact of economic change on the labour market, Coventry: University of Warwick [Ph.D. thesis]. Three essays on the impact of economic change on the labour market Calel, R. (2020) 'Adopt or innovate: understanding technological responses to Cap-and-Trade', American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 12, 3, pp.170-201, https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180135. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180135 Trushin, E. and Ugur, M. (2020) 'Intra-industry firm heterogeneity, sub-optimal adaptation and exit hazard: a fitness landscape approach to firm survival and learning', Economics of Innovation and New Technology, https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2020.1766655. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2020.1766655 Sampson, T. (2023) 'Technology gaps, trade, and income', American Economic Review, 113 (2), pp.472-513. doi:10.1257/aer.20201940 https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20201940 https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 6690 2025-05-13T06:22:17Z ddi:codebook:2_5