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        <titl xml:lang="en">International Social Survey Programme: Social Inequality III - ISSP 1999</titl>
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        <AuthEnty affiliation="Melbourne Institute for Applied Economic and Social Research University of Melbourne, Australia" xml:lang="en">Kelley, Jonathan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Melbourne Institute for Applied Economic and Social Research University of Melbourne, Australia" xml:lang="de">Kelley, Jonathan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Melbourne Institute for Applied Economic and Social Research University of Melbourne, Australia" xml:lang="en">Evans, Mariah
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Melbourne Institute for Applied Economic and Social Research University of Melbourne, Australia" xml:lang="de">Evans, Mariah
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Melbourne Institute for Applied Economic and Social Research" xml:lang="en">Zagórski, Krzysztof
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Melbourne Institute for Applied Economic and Social Research" xml:lang="de">Zagórski, Krzysztof
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Institut für Soziologie, Universität Graz, Austria" xml:lang="en">Haller, Max
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Institut für Soziologie, Universität Graz, Austria" xml:lang="de">Haller, Max
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Institut für Soziologie, Universität Graz, Austria" xml:lang="en">Hadler, Markus
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Institut für Soziologie, Universität Graz, Austria" xml:lang="de">Hadler, Markus
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Agency for Social Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria" xml:lang="en">Dimova, Lilia
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Agency for Social Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria" xml:lang="de">Dimova, Lilia
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty xml:lang="en">Carleton University Survey Centre, Canada
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty xml:lang="de">Carleton University Survey Centre, Canada
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Centro de Estudios Públicos, Santiago, Chile" xml:lang="en">Lehmann, Carla
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Centro de Estudios Públicos, Santiago, Chile" xml:lang="de">Lehmann, Carla
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Centre of Applied Research, Nicosia, Cyprus" xml:lang="en">Papageorgioú, Bambos
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Centre of Applied Research, Nicosia, Cyprus" xml:lang="de">Papageorgioú, Bambos
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty xml:lang="en">Institute of Sociology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty xml:lang="de">Institute of Sociology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="France" xml:lang="en">Forsé, Michel
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="France" xml:lang="de">Forsé, Michel
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="France" xml:lang="en">Lemel, Yannick
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="France" xml:lang="de">Lemel, Yannick
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="ZUMA, Mannheim, Germany" xml:lang="en">Harkness, Janet
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="ZUMA, Mannheim, Germany" xml:lang="de">Harkness, Janet
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="ZUMA, Mannheim, Germany" xml:lang="en">Mohler, Peter Ph.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="ZUMA, Mannheim, Germany" xml:lang="de">Mohler, Peter Ph.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, Great Britain" xml:lang="en">Jowell, Roger
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, Great Britain" xml:lang="de">Jowell, Roger
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, Great Britain" xml:lang="en">Park, Alison
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, Great Britain" xml:lang="de">Park, Alison
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, Great Britain" xml:lang="en">Thomson, Katarina
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, Great Britain" xml:lang="de">Thomson, Katarina
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, Great Britain" xml:lang="en">Jarvis, Lindsey
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, Great Britain" xml:lang="de">Jarvis, Lindsey
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, Great Britain" xml:lang="en">Bromley, Catherine
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, Great Britain" xml:lang="de">Bromley, Catherine
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, Great Britain" xml:lang="en">Stratford, Nina
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Centre for Social Research, London, Great Britain" xml:lang="de">Stratford, Nina
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="TÁRKI RT - Social Research Center, Hungarian Science Foundation (OTKA)" xml:lang="en">Róbert, Péter
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="TÁRKI RT - Social Research Center, Hungarian Science Foundation (OTKA)" xml:lang="de">Róbert, Péter
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Israel" xml:lang="en">Lewin-Epstein, Noah
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Israel" xml:lang="de">Lewin-Epstein, Noah
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Israel" xml:lang="en">Yuchtman-Yaar, Eppie
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Israel" xml:lang="de">Yuchtman-Yaar, Eppie
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Japan" xml:lang="en">Onodera, Noriko
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Japan" xml:lang="de">Onodera, Noriko
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia" xml:lang="en">Tabuns, Aivars
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia" xml:lang="de">Tabuns, Aivars
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia" xml:lang="en">Koroleva, Ilze
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia" xml:lang="de">Koroleva, Ilze
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Massey University, Department of Marketing, Palmerston North, New Zealand" xml:lang="en">Gendall, Philip
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Massey University, Department of Marketing, Palmerston North, New Zealand" xml:lang="de">Gendall, Philip
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and  Technology, Trondheim" xml:lang="en">Leiulfsrud, Håkon
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and  Technology, Trondheim" xml:lang="de">Leiulfsrud, Håkon
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Oslo University College" xml:lang="en">Halvorsen, Knut
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Oslo University College" xml:lang="de">Halvorsen, Knut
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Norwegian Social Science Data Services" xml:lang="en">Skjåk, Knut K.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Norwegian Social Science Data Services" xml:lang="de">Skjåk, Knut K.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty xml:lang="en">Social Weather Stations, Inc. (SWS), Philippines
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty xml:lang="de">Social Weather Stations, Inc. (SWS), Philippines
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Institute for Social Studies, University of Warsaw, Poland" xml:lang="en">Cichomski, Bogdan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Institute for Social Studies, University of Warsaw, Poland" xml:lang="de">Cichomski, Bogdan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal" xml:lang="en">Villaverde Cabral, Manuel
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal" xml:lang="de">Villaverde Cabral, Manuel
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal" xml:lang="en">Vala, Jorge
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal" xml:lang="de">Vala, Jorge
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Russia" xml:lang="en">Khakhulina, Ludmila
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Russia" xml:lang="de">Khakhulina, Ludmila
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty xml:lang="en">Institute for Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty xml:lang="de">Institute for Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty xml:lang="en">Institute for Public Opinion Research at the Statistical Office of Slovak Republic
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty xml:lang="de">Institute for Public Opinion Research at the Statistical Office of Slovak Republic
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Public Opinion and Mass Communication Research Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia" xml:lang="en">Tos, Niko
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Public Opinion and Mass Communication Research Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia" xml:lang="de">Tos, Niko
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="ASEP, S.A., Spain" xml:lang="en">Diez-Nicolás, Juan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="ASEP, S.A., Spain" xml:lang="de">Diez-Nicolás, Juan
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology, Umea University, Sweden" xml:lang="en">Svallfors, S.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology, Umea University, Sweden" xml:lang="de">Svallfors, S.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology, Umea University, Sweden" xml:lang="en">Edlund, Jonas
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology, Umea University, Sweden" xml:lang="de">Edlund, Jonas
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Opinion Research Center (NORC), USA" xml:lang="en">Davis, James A.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Opinion Research Center (NORC), USA" xml:lang="de">Davis, James A.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Opinion Research Center (NORC), USA" xml:lang="en">Smith, Tom W.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Opinion Research Center (NORC), USA" xml:lang="de">Smith, Tom W.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Opinion Research Center (NORC), USA" xml:lang="en">Marsden, Peter V.
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="National Opinion Research Center (NORC), USA" xml:lang="de">Marsden, Peter V.
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        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=en-4.0">SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND GROUPINGS</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="de" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=de-4.0.1">SOZIALE SCHICHTUNG UND GRUPPIERUNGEN</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=en-4.0">Equality, inequality and social exclusion</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="de" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TopicClassification/4.0?languageVersion=de-4.0.1">Gleichheit, Ungleichheit und soziale Ausgrenzung</topcClas>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a continuous programme of cross-national collaboration running annual surveys on topics important for the social sciences. The programme started in 1984 with four founding members - Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States – and has now grown to almost 50 member countries from all over the world. As the surveys are designed for replication, they can be used for both, cross-national and cross-time comparisons. Each ISSP module focuses on a specific topic, which is repeated in regular time intervals. Please, consult the documentation for details on how the national ISSP surveys are fielded. The present study focuses on questions about social inequality.</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">Social background and good relations as most important prerequisites for success in the society; most important criteria for social mobility (scale: personal effort, intelligence or corruption); reasons for and acceptance of social inequality; Self-assessment of payment suitable for performance; estimation of actual and adequate monthly income for occupational groups; responsibility of government to reduce income differences; attitude to a progressive tax rate; assessment of the economic differences between poor and rich countries; attitude towards compensation by additional taxes in the wealthy countries (Redistribution); justification of better medical supply and better education for people with higher income; assumption of conflicts between social groups in the country; self-assessment on a top-bottom-scale and expectation of the individual level in 10 years; social mobility; criteria for the classification of payment for work (scale: responsibility, education, supervisor function, needed support for family and children or quality of job performance); feeling of a just payment; characterisation of the actual and the desired social system of the country, measured by classification on pyramid diagrams; Self-assessment of the respondent as well as classification of an unskilled factory worker and a chairman of a large corporation on a top-bottom-scale; number of books in the parental home in the respondent’s youth.  Demography: Age; gender; living together with a partner; marital status; school education; denomination; occupation status; profession (ISCO code); occupation in the public sector; autonomy; working hours per week; net income of the respondent; supervisor function; occupation status as well as profession and supervisor function of the partner; household structure; family income; size of household; city size; region; unemployment within the last few years and duration of unemployment; religiousness; frequency of church attendance; forms of the faith in God; Self-assessment of the social class; union membership; party preference; participation in elections; living situation and living status; in some countries: ethnic membership of the respondent.</abstract><abstract xml:lang="de">Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu sozialer Ungleichheit.</abstract><abstract xml:lang="de">Soziale Herkunft und gute Beziehungen als wichtigste Voraussetzungen für Erfolg in der Gesellschaft; wichtigste Kriterien für einen gesellschaftlichen Aufstieg (Skala: persönlicher Einsatz, Intelligenz und Korruption); Gründe und Akzeptanz sozialer Ungleichheit; Selbsteinschätzung leistungsgerechter Entlohnung; Schätzung tatsächlicher und angemessener Monatseinkommen für ausgewählte Berufsgruppen; Einstellung zum Sozialstaat und Einschätzung der sozialen Unterschiede im Lande; Einstellung zu einem progressiven Steuersatz; Einschätzung der wirtschaftlichen Unterschiede zwischen armen und reichen Ländern und Einstellung zu einem Ausgleich durch zusätzliche Steuern in den reichen Ländern (Redistribution); Gerechtigkeit besserer medizinischer Versorgung und besserer Ausbildung für Besserverdienende; perzipierte Konflikte zwischen sozialen Gruppen im Lande; Selbsteinschätzung der aktuellen sozialen Schichtzugehörigkeit und Vergleich zur Schichtzugehörigkeit vor 10 Jahren (Oben-Unten-Skala); soziale Mobilität; Kriterien für die Bestimmung der Entlohnung für Arbeit (Skala: Verantwortung, Ausbildung, Vorgesetztenfunktion, Versorgung von Familie und Kindern, Qualität der Arbeitsleistung und Arbeitseinsatz); tatsächliche und gewünschte Gesellschaftsform des Landes, gemessen durch die Vorlage von Pyramiden-Diagrammen; Selbsteinschätzung des Befragten, sowie Einstufung eines Fabrikarbeiters und eines Vorstandsvorsitzenden auf dem Pyramiden-Diagramm; Anzahl der Bücher im Elternhaus zur Jugendzeit des Befragten.  Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner; Familienstand; Schulbildung; Konfession; Beschäftigungsstatus; Beruf (ISCO-Code); Beschäftigung im öffentlichen Sektor; Selbstständigkeit; Wochenarbeitszeit; Nettoeinkommen des Befragten; Vorgesetztenfunktion; Beschäftigungsstatus; Beruf; Vorgesetztenfunktion des Partners Haushaltszusammensetzung; Familieneinkommen; Haushaltsgröße; Ortsgröße; Region; eigene Arbeitslosigkeit in den letzten Jahren und Dauer dieser Arbeitslosigkeit; Religionszugehörigkeit; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Formen des Glaubens an Gott; Selbsteinschätzung der Schichtzugehörigkeit; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Parteipräferenz; Teilnahme an Wahlen; Wohnsituation und Wohnstatus; in einigen Ländern: ethnische Zugehörigkeit des Befragten.</abstract>
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