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          <titl xml:lang="en">DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 23</titl>
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        <titl xml:lang="en">Alleged Disincentive Effects of Income Taxation on Work Effort, 1971</titl>
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        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en">Brown, C. V., University of Stirling, Department of Economics
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        <copyright xml:lang="en">Copyright C.V. Brown and E.J. Levin</copyright>
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        <distDate xml:lang="en" date="1974-01-01T00:00:00Z">01 January 1974</distDate>
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        <topcClas xml:lang="en">Labour and employment</topcClas><topcClas xml:lang="en">Income, property and investment/saving</topcClas>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">&lt;P&gt;Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.&lt;/P&gt;</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">The purpose of this study was to discover, by means of a national survey, whether personal income taxation increased or decreased work effort among weekly paid workers in Britain. Work effort was thought to be influenced by a number of variables, of which personal income taxation was only one. It was intended to assess not only the direction of the effect of income tax, but also its relative importance among other determinants of work effort.&lt;br&gt;</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">&lt;B&gt;Main Topics&lt;/B&gt;:&lt;BR&gt;</abstract><abstract xml:lang="en">Attitudinal/Behavioural Questions&lt;br&gt; a) Oral questionnaire&lt;br&gt; Occupation: type; grade; nature of firm; hours; method of payment; job satisfaction. Whether wife/wife's mother working (reasons); previous employment; employment status; journey to work (time).&lt;br&gt; Overtime and/or second job: rate of payment; hours worked in last 7 days; reasons for working. Housework: hours spent on various tasks. Leisure activities: expenditure; hours spent on various activities.&lt;br&gt; Income, spending plans, ownership of consumer durables. Attitude to budget, taxes (income and purchase).&lt;br&gt; Respondents were asked to give reasons for:&lt;br&gt; i) hours worked; ii) effort expended; iii) changes in job with specific reference to tax (dis)incentive. Respondent's level of knowledge about tax and other deductions was assessed.&lt;br&gt; b) Self-completed questionnaire&lt;br&gt; Complete description of present job: nature of duties; method of payment; promotion prospects; nature of supervision; workmates. Attitudes to income, promotion, overtime, income tax. Assessment of respondent's knowledge of tax, income relief, allowances, pensions, benefits, duties, etc.&lt;br&gt; Background Variables&lt;br&gt; Age, sex, marital status, age finished full-time education, qualifications. Residence: tenure (details of rent and mortgage payments), number of rooms.</abstract>
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        <collDate xml:lang="en" event="single">04 October 1971 - 06 November 1971</collDate><collDate xml:lang="en" date="1971-10-04T00:00:00Z" event="start">04 October 1971</collDate><collDate xml:lang="en" date="1971-11-06T00:00:00Z" event="end">06 November 1971</collDate>
        <nation xml:lang="en">Great Britain</nation>
        <anlyUnit xml:lang="en">Individuals<concept/></anlyUnit><anlyUnit xml:lang="en">National<concept/></anlyUnit><anlyUnit xml:lang="en">Employees<concept/></anlyUnit>
        <universe xml:lang="en" clusion="I">Employees who receive their pay weekly who usually work a total of eight or more hours in a week and who had been to work at some time in the seven days prior to the date of interview</universe>
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        <timeMeth xml:lang="en">Cross-sectional (one-time) study<concept/></timeMeth>
        <sampProc xml:lang="en">Stratified, systematic (self-weighting)&lt;br /&gt;1. Sample of 200 constituencies (British Market Research 'Master Sample') with probability proportional to size after grouping all constituencies south of the Caledonian Canal by descending order of percentage Labour vote within standard region&lt;br /&gt;2. Within each constituency, 2 wards or parishes, with probability proportional to size of electorate&lt;br /&gt;3. Within each area, 24 addresses, with probability proportional to number of people registered in the electoral register, using a random starting point and fixed sampling interval.<concept/></sampProc>
        <collMode xml:lang="en">Face-to-face interview<concept/></collMode>
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        Brown, C. (1976) 'Taxation and labour supply: weekly paid workers', [paper], &lt;i&gt;Taxation and incentives&lt;/i&gt;, 01 January 1976-01 January 1976.
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        Levin, E.,  Brown, C. and Ulph, D. (1974) &lt;i&gt;On taxation and labour supply&lt;/i&gt;, [Discussion paper].Stirling: University of Stirling.
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        Brown, C. (1976) 'Survey of the effects of taxation on labour supply of low income groups', [paper], &lt;i&gt;Fiscal Policy and Labour Supply&lt;/i&gt;, 01 January 1977-01 January 1977.
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        Brown, C. and Levin, E. (1984) 'The effects of income taxation on overtime: the results of a national survey'&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, Economic Journal
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            <IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="URN">The effects of income taxation on overtime</IDNo>
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        (1972) &lt;i&gt;Direct taxation and incentives to work:  technical document&lt;/i&gt; [Research report], : British Market Research Bureau.
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            <IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="URN">Direct taxation and incentives to work</IDNo>
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