2026-04-14T17:40:09Z https://datacatalogue.cessda.eu/oai-pmh/v0/oai

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DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 8806 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, January - March, 2021 880610.5255/UKDA-SN-8806-6 Office for National Statistics <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/re-using-public-sector-information/uk-government-licensing-framework/crown-copyright/" target="_blank">© Crown copyright</a>. The use of these data is subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">UK Data Service End User Licence Agreement</a>. Additional restrictions may also apply. Office for National Statistics UK Data Service 01 June 2021 COVID-19ABSENTEEISMACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTAGEALLERGIESATTITUDESBONUS PAYMENTSCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCARE OF DEPENDANTSCHILD CARECHILDRENCHRONIC ILLNESSHIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSCOHABITATIONCONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENTDEPRESSIONDIABETESDIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERSDISABILITIESDISMISSALDOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITIESEARLY RETIREMENTECONOMIC ACTIVITYEDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDEDUCATIONAL CERTIFICATESEDUCATIONAL COURSESEDUCATIONAL FEESEDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYEESEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT HISTORYEMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMESEMPLOYMENT SERVICESEPILEPSYETHNIC GROUPSFAMILIESFAMILY MEMBERSFIELDS OF STUDYFULL-TIME EMPLOYMENTFURNISHED ACCOMMODATIONHEADS OF HOUSEHOLDHEALTHHEARING IMPAIRMENTSHOME OWNERSHIPHOUSEHOLDSHOUSING TENUREIMMIGRATIONINCOMEINDUSTRIESINVOLUNTARY SHORT TIME WORKINGJOB CHANGINGJOB DESCRIPTIONJOB HUNTINGLABOUR FORCELANDLORDSLEAVEMANAGERSMATERNITY LEAVEMATERNITY PAYMENTAL DISORDERSMUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASESNATIONAL IDENTITYNATIONALITYNERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASESOCCUPATIONAL QUALIFICATIONSOCCUPATIONAL TRAININGOCCUPATIONSOVERTIMEPART-TIME COURSESPART-TIME EMPLOYMENTPATERNITY LEAVEPHOBIASPLACE OF BIRTHPLACE OF RESIDENCEPRIVATE SECTORPUBLIC SECTORQUALIFICATIONSRECRUITMENTREDUNDANCYREDUNDANCY PAYRELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONRENTED ACCOMMODATIONRESIDENTIAL MOBILITYRESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASESRETIREMENTSEASONAL EMPLOYMENTSELF-EMPLOYEDSHIFT WORKSICK LEAVESICK PAYSICK PERSONSSKIN DISEASESSMALL BUSINESSESSOCIAL HOUSINGSOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITSSOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUSSPEECH IMPAIRMENTSSPOUSESSTATE RETIREMENT PENSIONSSTUDENTSSUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENTSUPERVISORSSUPERVISORY STATUSTAX RELIEFTEACHER QUALIFICATIONSTEMPORARY EMPLOYMENTTERMINATION OF SERVICETIED HOUSINGTRAININGTRAINING CENTRESTRAINING COURSESUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNFURNISHED ACCOMMODATIONUNWAGED WORKERSVISION IMPAIRMENTSVOCATIONAL EDUCATIONVOCATIONAL EDUCATION CERTIFICATESWAGESWORKING CONDITIONSHOURS OF WORKWORKPLACEHOLIDAY LEAVELABOUR AND EMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSFAMILY BENEFITSHOUSING BENEFITSEDUCATIONAL LEVELSOCCUPATIONAL STATUSPENSIONSPRIVATE PENSIONSSICKNESS AND DISABILITY BENEFITSFURTHER EDUCATIONADULT EDUCATIONENDOCRINE DISORDERSACCIDENTS AT WORKOCCUPATIONAL SAFETYPUBLIC HEALTH RISKS Labour and employment Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.Background The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a unique source of information using international definitions of employment and unemployment and economic inactivity, together with a wide range of related topics such as occupation, training, hours of work and personal characteristics of household members aged 16 years and over. It is used to inform social, economic and employment policy. The Annual Population Survey, also held at the UK Data Archive, is derived from the LFS.The LFS was first conducted biennially from 1973-1983, then annually between 1984 and 1991, comprising a quarterly survey conducted throughout the year and a 'boost' survey in the spring quarter. From 1992 it moved to a quarterly cycle with a sample size approximately equivalent to that of the previous annual data. Northern Ireland was also included in the survey from December 1994. Further information on the background to the QLFS may be found in the documentation.The UK Data Service also holds a Secure Access version of the QLFS (see below); household datasets; two-quarter and five-quarter longitudinal datasets; LFS datasets compiled for Eurostat; and some additional annual Northern Ireland datasets. LFS Documentation The documentation available from the Archive to accompany LFS datasets largely consists of the latest version of each user guide volume alongside the appropriate questionnaire for the year concerned (the latest questionnaire available covers July-September 2022). Volumes are updated periodically, so users are advised to check the latest documents on the ONS <a title="Labour Force Survey - User Guidance" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/methodologies/labourforcesurveyuserguidance">Labour Force Survey - User Guidance</a> pages before commencing analysis. This is especially important for users of older QLFS studies, where information and guidance in the user guide documents may have changed over time.LFS response to COVID-19From April 2020 to May 2022, additional non-calendar quarter LFS microdata were made available to cover the pandemic period. The first additional microdata to be released covered February to April 2020 and the final non-calendar dataset covered March-May 2022. Publication then returned to calendar quarters only. Within the additional non-calendar COVID-19 quarters, pseudonymised variables Casenop and Hserialp may contain a significant number of missing cases (set as -9). These variables may not be available in full for the additional COVID-19 datasets until the next standard calendar quarter is produced. The income weight variable, PIWT, is not available in the non-calendar quarters, although the person weight (PWT) is included. Please consult the documentation for full details.Occupation data for 2021 and 2022 data filesThe ONS has identified an issue with the collection of some occupational data in 2021 and 2022 data files in a number of their surveys. While they estimate any impacts will be small overall, this will affect the accuracy of the breakdowns of some detailed (four-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)) occupations, and data derived from them. Further information can be found in the ONS article published on 11 July 2023: <a title="Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/revisionofmiscodedoccupationaldataintheonslabourforcesurveyuk/january2021toseptember2022">Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022</a>.2024 ReweightingIn February 2024, reweighted person-level data from July-September 2022 onwards were released. Up to July-September 2023, only the person weight was updated (PWT23); the income weight remains at 2022 (PIWT22). The 2023 income weight (PIWT23) was included from the October-December 2023 quarter. Users are encouraged to read the ONS methodological note of 5 February, <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/impactofreweightingonlabourforcesurveykeyindicators/2024">Impact of reweighting on Labour Force Survey key indicators: 2024</a>, which includes important information on the 2024 reweighting exercise.End User Licence and Secure Access QLFS dataTwo versions of the QLFS are available from UKDS. One is available under the standard End User Licence (EUL) agreement, and the other is a Secure Access version. The EUL version includes country and Government Office Region geography, 3-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and 3-digit industry group for main, second and last job (from July-September 2015, 4-digit industry class is available for main job only). The Secure Access version contains more detailed variables relating to:<ul><li>age: single year of age, year and month of birth, age completed full-time education and age obtained highest qualification, age of oldest dependent child and age of youngest dependent child</li><li>family unit and household: including a number of variables concerning the number of dependent children in the family according to their ages, relationship to head of household and relationship to head of family</li><li>nationality and country of origin</li><li>finer detail geography: including county, unitary/local authority, place of work, Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS2) and NUTS3 regions, and whether lives and works in same local authority district, and other categories;</li><li>health: including main health problem, and current and past health problems</li><li>education and apprenticeship: including numbers and subjects of various qualifications and variables concerning apprenticeships</li><li>industry: including industry, industry class and industry group for main, second and last job, and industry made redundant from</li><li>occupation: including 5-digit industry subclass and 4-digit SOC for main, second and last job and job made redundant from</li><li>system variables: including week number when interview took place and number of households at address</li><li>other additional detailed variables may also be included.</li></ul>The Secure Access datasets (SNs 6727 and 7674) have more restrictive access conditions than those made available under the standard EUL. Prospective users will need to gain ONS Accredited Researcher status, complete an extra application form and demonstrate to the data owners exactly why they need access to the additional variables. Users are strongly advised to first obtain the standard EUL version of the data to see if they are sufficient for their research requirements.<ul></ul>Latest edition informationFor the sixth edition (January 2025), the 2022 person weight (PWT22) was replaced with the 2024 person weight (PWT24). Only the person weight has been replaced with a 2024 version; the 2022 income weight (PIWT22) remains.Main Topics: <div>The QLFS questionnaire comprises a 'core' of questions which are included in every survey, together with some 'non-core' questions which vary from quarter to quarter.</div><div> </div><div>The questionnaire can be split into two main parts. The first part contains questions on the respondent's household, family structure, basic housing information and demographic details of household members. The second part contains questions covering economic activity, education and health, and also may include a few questions asked on behalf of other government departments (for example the Department for Work and Pensions and the Home Office). Until 1997, the questions on health covered mainly problems which affected the respondent's work. From that quarter onwards, the questions cover all health problems. Detailed questions on income have also been included in each quarter since 1993. The basic questionnaire is revised each year, and a new version published, along with a transitional version that details changes from the previous year's questionnaire.</div> January 2021 - March 202101 January 202130 March 2021 United Kingdom NationalIndividualsFamilies/households All persons normally resident in private households in Great Britain and (from 1994) Northern Ireland. Repeated cross-sectional studyData are collected quarterly Four sampling frames are used. See documentation for details. Face-to-face interviewTelephone interviewThe first interview is conducted face-to-face, and subsequent interviews by telephone where possible. The Data Collection is available to UK Data Service registered users subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">End User Licence Agreement</a>.Commercial use of the data requires approval from the data owner or their nominee. The UK Data Service will contact you. See <restrctn> https://www.ons.gov.uk/surveys/informationforhouseholdsandindividuals/householdandindividualsurveys/labourforcesurvey https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/ https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/bulletins/uklabourmarket/previousReleases https://data.gov.uk/dataset/a53b9d2e-a6f7-4be3-ab1b-fd62896ae5c9/economic-and-labour-market-review https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=62 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=106 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=128 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=101 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=160 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=134 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=99 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=121 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=122 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=81 Razzu, G. and Singleton, C. (2018) 'Segregation and gender gaps in the United Kingdom's great recession and recovery', Feminist Economics, 24, 4, pp.31-55, https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2018.1451907. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2018.1451907 Borowczyk-Martins, D. and Lale, E. (2019) 'Employment adjustment and part-time work: lessons from the United States and the United Kingdom', American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 11, 1, pp.389-435, https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.20160078. https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.20160078 Guinea-Martin, D., Mora, R. and Ruiz-Castillo, J (2018) 'The evolution of gender segregation over the life course', American Sociological Review, 83(5), pp.983--1019 https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418794503 Jones, M. and Kaya, E. (2021) 'The gender pay gap: what can we learn from Northern Ireland?', Oxford Economic Papers, gpab017. doi:10.1093/oep/gpab017 https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpab017 Charsley, K. Bolognani, M., Ersanilli, E. and Spencer, S. (2020) 'Marriage Migration and Integration', Palgrave MacMillan https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-40252-5 Bicakova, A, Cortes, G.M and Mazza, J. (2021) 'Caught in the cycle: economic conditions at enrolment and labour market outcomes of college graduates', The Economic Journal, 131. doi:10.1093/ej/ueab003 https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueab003 Guinea-Martin, D., Mora, R. and Ruiz-Castillo J. (2018) 'The evolution of gender segregation over the life course', American Sociological Review', 83(5). doi:10.1177/0003122418794503 https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418794503 Cohen R.L. (2019) 'Spatio–temporal unboundedness: a feature, not a bug, of selfemployment', American Behavioral Scientist. 63(2, pp.262-284. doi:10.1177/0002764218794781 https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764218794781 Boero, G., Nathwani, T., Naylor, R. and Smith, J. (2021) 'Graduate earnings premia in the UK: decline and fall [online]', Cheltenham: Higher Education Statistics Agency. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/files/Graduate-Earnings-Premia-UK-20211123.pdf CIPD (2020) 'Has work become less secure', London: CIPD https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/work/trends/has-work-become-less-secure-report#gref Jones, M. (2022) 'COVID-19 and the labour market outcomes of disabled people in the UK', Social Science and Medicine, vol.292. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114637 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114637 Alon, T.; Coskun, S.; Doepke, M.; Koll, D. and Tertilt, M. (2022) 'From Mancession to Shecession: women's employment in regular and pandemic recessions' in M. Eichenbaum and E. Hurst (eds.), NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2021, 36, pp. 83-151, University of Chicago Press Bryan, M.L., Bryce, A.M., Rice, N., Roberts, J. and Sechel, C. (2022) 'Exploring mental health disability gaps in the labour market: the UK experience during COVID-19', Labour Economics, 78 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102253 Duval-Hernández, R., Fang, L. and Rachel Ngai, L. (2023) 'Taxes, subsidies and gender gaps in hours and wages', Economica, 90(358), pp.373-408. doi:10.1111/ecca.12466 https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12466 Jones, M. (2023) 'Disability and trade union membership in the UK', British Journal of Industrial Relations. doi:10.1111/bjir.12767 https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12767 Janke, K., Lee, K., Propper, C., Shields, K. and Shields, M. A. (2023) 'Economic conditions and health: local effects, national effect and local area heterogeneity', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 214, pp.801-828. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2023.07.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.07.003 Duval-Hernández, R., Fang, L. and Ngai, L.R. (2023) 'Taxes, subsidies and gender gaps in hours and wages', Economica, 90(358), pp.373-408. doi:10.1111/ecca.12466 https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12466 Papac, A (2023) 'Essays on job search and job choice', dissertation, UCLA. ProQuest ID: Papac_ucla_0031D_21751. Merritt ID: ark:/13030/m5rk29jq. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n24k675 Branicki, L.J., Brammer, S., Brosnan, M. Garcia Lazaro, A., Lattanzio, S.and Newnes, L. (2024) 'Factors shaping the employment outcomes of neurodivergent and neurotypical people: Exploring the role of flexible and homeworking practices', Human Resource Management. doi:10.1002/hrm.22243 https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22243 McLean, D., Worth, J. and Smith, A. (2024) 'Shifting career motivations are not to blame for worsening teacher shortages', Slough: NFER. https://www.nfer.ac.uk/publications/teacher-labour-market-in-england-annual-report-2024/ Jones, M. (2024) 'The disability pay gap in the UK: What is the role of the public sector?', Labour Economics, 91. doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102642 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102642 harsley, K., Bolognani, M., Ersanilli, E., & Spencer, S. (2020). Marriage migration and integration. Springer Nature. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-40252-5 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-40252-5 https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 8806 2025-12-18T06:19:10Z ddi:codebook:2_5