2026-06-24T10:26:41Z https://datacatalogue.cessda.eu/oai-pmh/v0/oai

1b6b730df11494aa2d59f091fec4a79b50dc99b372b8035a2a27f1492cb563b9 2026-06-02T15:03:16Z language:enopenaire_data

DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 6095 1970 British Cohort Study: Age 16, Sweep 4 Arithmetic Test, 1986 609510.5255/UKDA-SN-6095-2 University of London, Institute of Education, Centre for Longitudinal Studies Copyright Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute Economic and Social Research Council UK Data Service 14 January 2009 ARITHMETICMATHEMATICSMATHEMATICS EDUCATIONNUMERACYEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENTEDUCATIONAL TESTSTESTSYOUTH Compulsory and pre-school educationSocial and occupational mobilityFamily life and marriageHealthSocial behaviour and attitudesLabour and employment Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) is a longitudinal birth cohort study, following a nationally representative sample of over 17,000 people born in England, Scotland and Wales in a single week of 1970. Cohort members have been surveyed throughout their childhood and adult lives, mapping their individual trajectories and creating a unique resource for researchers. It is one of very few longitudinal studies following people of this generation anywhere in the world. Since 1970, cohort members have been surveyed at ages 5, 10, 16, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, and 51. Featuring a range of objective measures and rich self-reported data, BCS70 covers an incredible amount of ground and can be used in research on many topics. Evidence from BCS70 has illuminated important issues for our society across five decades. Key findings include how reading for pleasure matters for children's cognitive development, why grammar schools have not reduced social inequalities, and how childhood experiences can impact on mental health in mid-life. Every day researchers from across the scientific community are using this important study to make new connections and discoveries. BCS70 is run by the <a href="https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/cls-studies/1970-british-cohort-study/" target="_blank">Centre for Longitudinal Studies</a> (CLS), a research centre in the UCL Institute of Education, which is part of University College London. The content of BCS70 studies, including questions, topics and variables can be explored via the <a href="https://discovery.closer.ac.uk/item/uk.cls.bcs70/75fe4705-0c94-4f75-b1e6-ad9c61ffde26">CLOSER Discovery</a> website. How to access genetic and/or bio-medical sample data from a range of longitudinal surveys: For information on how to access biomedical data from BCS70 that are not held at the UKDS, see the <a href="https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/data-access-training/genetic-data-and-biological-samples/" target="_blank">CLS Genetic data and biological samples</a> webpage. Secure Access datasets Secure Access versions of BCS70 have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard End User Licence (EUL). The 1970 British Cohort Study: Age 16, Sweep 4 Arithmetic Test, 1986 includes data derived from an arithmetic test administrated in 1986, when cohort members were 16 years old. The test used was known as the APU Arithmetic Test and consisted of 60 questions. The test was included in the Student Test Book and cohort members recorded their answers on a machine-readable Student Score Form. Thirty minutes were allowed for completion of the test. For the second edition (June 2016) a small number of primary identifiers (BCSID) have been changed to realign them to previous sweeps of data. See the documentation for full details of the work done. Main Topics: The data consist of the responses for each of the 60 test items for some 3,677 cases, plus an additional 60 derived variables interpreting the answers into ‘wrong’ or ‘right’, together with 4 additional variables giving details of:<ul><li>total score (number of correct items out of 60)</li><li>total number of incorrect items</li><li>total number of items attempted</li><li>percentage score (i.e. total score * 100/60)</li></ul> March 1986 - December 198601 March 198601 December 1986 Great Britain NationalIndividuals The instrument was sent out to every school in Great Britain at which anyone born in April 1970 was likely to be attending. Numeric Longitudinal/panel/cohort No sampling (total universe) Postal survey The Data Collection is available to UK Data Service registered users subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">End User Licence Agreement</a>.Commercial use of the data requires approval from the data owner or their nominee. The UK Data Service will contact you.Personal/genealogical use of these data is not permitted.Additional conditions of use apply:I agree not to use nor attempt to use the Data Collections to identify the individuals from which the study sample was selected, nor to claim to have done so; andI agree not to link between the research identifiers supplied by the UK Data Service [BCSID] and any other identifiers previously issued. See <restrctn> https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/cls-studies/1970-british-cohort-study/ https://bcs70.info/home/about/ https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/publications-and-resources/ https://www.bibliography.cls.ucl.ac.uk/ https://discovery.closer.ac.uk/?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=www.ukdataservice.ac.uk&utm_campaign=UK%20Data%20Service:%20BCS70%20resources https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=4126 https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=853526 https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=7023 https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=8053 https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=8127 https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=854277 https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/case-study/do-smarter-children-avoid-drug-use-later-in-life/ https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/studies/study?id=855087 https://discovery.closer.ac.uk/item/uk.cls.bcs70/75fe4705-0c94-4f75-b1e6-ad9c61ffde26 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=111 Verkroost, F.C.J. (2022) 'A Bayesian multivariate hierarchical growth curve model to examine cumulative socio-economic (dis)advantage among childless adults and parents, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society). doi:10.1111/rssa.129 https://doi.org/10.1111/rssa.129 Stannard, S., Berrington, A. and Alwan, N. (2019) 'Associations between birth order with mental wellbeing and psychological distress in midlife: findings from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70)', Plos One. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222184 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222184 Stannard, S., Berrington, A. and Alwan, N. (2022) 'Understanding the early life mediators behind the intergenerational transmission of partnership dissolution', Advances in Life course Research, doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100468 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100468 Stannard, S., Berrington, A. and Alwan, N. (2022) 'The mediating pathways between parental separation in childhood and offspring hypertension at midlife', Scientific Reports. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11007-z http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11007-z Boero, G., Nathwani, T., Naylor, R. and Smith, J. (2021) 'Graduate earnings premia in the UK: decline and fall [online]', Cheltenham: Higher Education Statistics Agency. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/files/Graduate-Earnings-Premia-UK-20211123.pdf Cortes, R.A., Barr, R., Ryan, R.M. and Green, A.E. (2022) 'Fine motor skills during early childhood predict visuospatial deductive reasoning in adolescence', Developmental Psychology, 58(7), pp.1264–1276. doi:10.1037/dev0001354 https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001354 Bernardi, L., Bridger, E. and Mattila, M. (2024) 'Voting propensity and parental depression', Electoral Studies, 89, 102800. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2024.102800 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2024.102800 Boero, G., Nathwani, T., Naylor, R. and Smith, J. (2024) 'The college wage premium in the UK: Decline and fall?', Oxford Economic Papers. doi:10.1093/oep/gpae014 https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpae014 Boero, G., Cook, D., Nathwani, T., Naylor, R. and Smith, J. (2019) 'The return to a degree: new evidence based on the birth cohort studies and the Labour Force Survey', HESA. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/files/Return_to_a_degree_main_report.pdf Boero, G., Cook, D., Nathwani, T., Naylor, R. and Smith, J. (2020) 'How does the return to a degree vary by class of award?', HESA https://www.hesa.ac.uk/files/Return-to-degree-by-class-20200310.pdf Boero, G., Nathwani, T., Naylor, R. and Smith, J. (2021). Graduate earnings premia in the UK: Decline and fall?, HESA https://www.hesa.ac.uk/files/Graduate-Earnings-Premia-UK-20211123.pdf https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 6095 2025-03-07T07:47:43Z ddi:codebook:2_5