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DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 3572 British Social Attitudes Survey, 1994 357210.5255/UKDA-SN-3572-1 Social and Community Planning Research Copyright National Centre for Social Research Leverhulme TrustEmployment DepartmentCountryside CommissionCharities Aid FoundationHome OfficeDepartment of the EnvironmentNuffield FoundationDepartment of Social SecurityDepartment for EducationSainsbury Family Charitable TrustsEconomic and Social Research CouncilDepartment of Health UK Data Service 23 August 1996 ABORTIONACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTADOLESCENTSAGEAGRICULTURAL POLICYAGRICULTUREINTERNATIONAL ALLIANCESANIMAL RIGHTSARTSASIANSATTITUDESBLACK PEOPLEBRITISH POLITICAL PARTIESBURGLARYBUSESCAMERASCARE OF DEPENDANTSCENSORSHIPCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONSCHILD CARECHILD DAY CARECHILD DEVELOPMENTCHILD PROTECTIONCHILDRENCIVIL DISTURBANCESCIVIL SERVANTSCLASS SIZECOMMERCIAL BUILDINGSCOHABITATIONCOMMUNITIESCOMMUNITY ACTIONCOMMUNITY BEHAVIOURCOMMUTINGCONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENTCOSTSCOUNCIL TAXCOUNCILLORSCOUNTRYSIDECRIME AND SECURITYCRIME VICTIMSCRIMINAL DAMAGECRIMINALSCURRENCIESCURRICULUMCYCLINGDAY NURSERIESDEATH PENALTYDECENTRALIZED GOVERNMENTDEFENCEDENTAL HEALTHDISABILITIESDISARMAMENTDISCRIMINATIONDISEASESDIVORCEDOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITIESDRIVINGECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC CONDITIONSECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC SYSTEMSEDUCATIONEDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDEDUCATIONAL EXPENDITUREEDUCATIONAL FEESEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIESEDUCATIONAL TESTSELECTIONSELECTRIC LIGHTINGELECTRIC POWER SUPPLYEMERGENCY AND PROTECTIVE SERVICESEMPLOYEESEMPLOYERSEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT HISTORYENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY CONSUMPTIONENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATIONENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTSENVIRONMENTAL PLANNINGEQUAL OPPORTUNITYEQUAL PAYETHNIC GROUPSEUROPEAN UNIONEUTHANASIAEXAMINATIONSINFIDELITYFAMILIESFAMILY ENVIRONMENTFAMILY ROLESFATHERSFEAR OF CRIMEFINANCIAL EXPECTATIONSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL SUPPORTAIDFOREIGN POLICYFRAUDFREE EDUCATIONFREEDOM OF THE PRESSFREEDOM OF THOUGHTFRINGE BENEFITSFULL-TIME EMPLOYMENTGENDERGENERAL PRACTITIONERSGIFTSGOVERNMENT POLICYGROUPSHEALTHHEALTH PROFESSIONALSHEALTH SERVICESHIGHER EDUCATIONMONUMENTSHOME OWNERSHIPHOME-BASED WORKHOMOSEXUALITYHOUSEHOLD BUDGETSHOUSEHOLDSHOUSINGHOUSING TENUREHUMAN SETTLEMENTILLEGITIMATE BIRTHSIMMIGRANTSIMMIGRATIONINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINDUSTRIESINFLATIONINFORMATIONINSTITUTIONSINTERNATIONAL CONFLICTINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONINTERNATIONAL EQUILIBRIUMINTERNATIONAL RELATIONSINTERNATIONAL ROLEJOB CHANGINGJOB HUNTINGJOB SHARINGJOURNALISTSJUDICIAL POWERJURIESLAW AND JUSTICELABOUR MIGRATIONLABOUR RELATIONSLANDLORDSLAW ENFORCEMENTCOURT OFFICIALS AND PERSONNELLAWFUL OPPOSITIONLEAVELEGISLATIONLEGISLATURELOCAL FINANCELOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENT CANDIDATESLOTTERIESMANAGEMENT OPERATIONSMANAGERSMARITAL HISTORYMARITAL STATUSMARRIAGEMARRIAGE DISSOLUTIONMASS MEDIAMATERNITY LEAVEMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL INSURANCEHEALTH-RELATED BIOTECHNOLOGYMEMBERS OF PARLIAMENTMEMBERSHIPMENMIXED MARRIAGESMONARCHYMORTGAGESMOTHERSMOTOR VEHICLESNATIONAL IDENTITYNATIONALITY DISCRIMINATIONNATIONALIZATIONNATURAL ENVIRONMENTNEWSPAPER READERSHIPNEWSPAPERSNUCLEAR POWER STATIONSNUCLEAR WARFARENUCLEAR WEAPONSOCCUPATIONAL PENSIONSOCCUPATIONAL STATUSOCCUPATIONAL TRAININGOCCUPATIONSONE-PARENT FAMILIESHOSPITAL OUTPATIENT SERVICESPARENT RESPONSIBILITYPARENT-SCHOOL RELATIONSHIPPARENTAL ROLEPARENTSPART-TIME EMPLOYMENTPARTNERSHIPS (BUSINESS)PASSENGERSPATERNITY LEAVEPATIENTSPERSONAL IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENTSPOLICINGPOLICE SERVICESSOCIAL POLICYPOLITICAL ALLEGIANCEPOLITICAL ATTITUDESPOLITICAL AWARENESSPOLITICAL COALITIONSPOLITICAL IDEOLOGIESPOLITICAL EXTREMISMPOLITICAL INTERESTPOLITICAL PARTICIPATIONPOLITICAL REPRESENTATIONPOLITICAL SYSTEMSPOLITICAL UNIFICATIONPOLITICIANSPOLITICSPORNOGRAPHYPOVERTYPRE-PRIMARY EDUCATIONPRE-PRIMARY SCHOOLSPREMARITAL SEXPRISON SENTENCESPRIVATE EDUCATIONPRIVATE SCHOOLSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATIZATIONPROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONSPROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUNISHMENTQUALIFICATIONSRACE RELATIONSETHNIC CONFLICTRACIAL DISCRIMINATIONRACIAL PREJUDICERACISMRELIGIONRELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONRELIGIOUS ATTENDANCERENTED ACCOMMODATIONREPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACYRESIDENTIAL MOBILITYRESOURCES CONSERVATIONRESPONSIBILITYRETIREMENTRETRAININGRETURN-TO-WORK INCENTIVESRIGHT TO INFORMATIONREFUGEESRIGHTS AND PRIVILEGESRIGHTS OF ACCUSEDRIGHTS OF PRISONERSROAD TRAFFICROAD TRAFFIC NOISEROADSSCHOOL PUNISHMENTSSCHOOL TIMESCHOOL-LEAVINGSCHOOL-LEAVING AGESELECTIVE SCHOOLSSELF-EMPLOYEDSEX DISCRIMINATIONSEXUAL BEHAVIOURSEXUAL HARASSMENTSHARESSICK LEAVESOCIAL ATTITUDESSOCIAL DISADVANTAGESOCIAL HOUSINGSOCIAL INEQUALITYSOCIAL ISSUESWELFARE POLICYSOCIAL PROBLEMSSOCIAL PROTESTSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITSSOCIAL WELFARESOCIAL WELFARE PHILOSOPHYSOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUSSPORTS FACILITIESSPOUSESSPOUSE'S ECONOMIC ACTIVITYSPOUSE'S EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDSPOUSE'S OCCUPATIONAL STATUSSPOUSE'S OCCUPATIONSPOUSE'S WAGESSTANDARD OF LIVINGSTATE AIDSTATE CONTROLSTATE LEGAL AIDSTATE RETIREMENT PENSIONSSTUDENTSSUPERVISORSTAXATIONTELEPHONESTERMINATION OF SERVICETHEFTTOURISMTRADE UNION MEMBERSHIPTRADE UNION RIGHTSTRADE UNIONSTRAINING COURSESTRAINSTRAVELLING PEOPLETRAVELLING TIMETRUANCYTRUSTUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSUNIVERSITY CURRICULUMUPPER HOUSEASSAULTVOLUNTARY WORKVOTING BEHAVIOURWAGESWALKINGWATER METERSWATER SUPPLYWOMEN'S EDUCATIONWOMEN'S EMPLOYMENTWOMEN'S RIGHTSWORK ATTITUDEWORKERSWORKING CONDITIONSWORKING MOTHERSHOURS OF WORKWORKING WOMENWORKPLACE RELATIONSYOUTH EMPLOYMENTWORK-LIFE BALANCE Social behaviour and attitudesSocial conditions and indicators Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.Background The British Social Attitudes (BSA) survey series began in 1983. The series is designed to produce annual measures of attitudinal movements to complement large-scale government surveys that deal largely with facts and behaviour patterns, and the data on party political attitudes produced by opinion polls. One of the BSA's main purposes is to allow the monitoring of patterns of continuity and change, and the examination of the relative rates at which attitudes, in respect of a range of social issues, change over time. Some questions are asked regularly, others less often. Funding for BSA comes from a number of sources (including government departments, the Economic and Social Research Council and other research foundations), but the final responsibility for the coverage and wording of the annual questionnaires rests with NatCen Social Research (formerly Social and Community Planning Research). The BSA has been conducted every year since 1983, except in 1988 and 1992 when core funding was devoted to the British Election Study (BES). Further information about the series and links to publications may be found on the NatCen Social Research <a title="British Social Attitudes" href="https://natcen.ac.uk/flagship-surveys">British Social Attitudes</a> webpage.Main Topics: Each year, the BSA interview questionnaire contains a number of 'core' questions, which are repeated in most years. In addition, a wide range of background and classificatory questions is included. The remainder of the questionnaire is devoted to a series of questions (modules) on a range of social, economic, political and moral issues - some are asked regularly, others less often. Cross-indexes of those questions asked more than once appear in the reports.In the 1994 survey, as well as the standard demographic and classificatory items, the following topics were covered: government spending and the National Health Service; labour market participation, the workplace, childcare arrangements and preferences, gender segregation at work, work orientations; civil libertarian issues; fear of crime; race and immigration; courts, sentencing and prisons; education; Northern Ireland; charitable giving; local government; political trust; countryside, transport and the environment; European Community and international relations; economic issues and policies (including income and taxation); gender issues, women at home and at work; welfare issues, single parents and poverty. Standard Measures The questionnaires contain three scales developed by researchers involved in the British Social Attitudes survey series and the British Election Study (BES) series. These are: `libertarian/authoritarian'; `left/right'; and `welfarist'. For details see: Heath, A. et al (1990) The measurement of core beliefs and values JUSST Working Paper No. 2, SCPR: London, and the Technical Report on the 1994 BSA survey. 199401 January 1994 Great Britain IndividualsNational Adults (18 and over) living in private households in Great Britain (excluding the 'crofting counties' north of the Caledonian Canal). Repeated cross-sectional studyThe BSA survey is conducted annually. Multi-stage stratified random sampleSee documentation for each BSA year for full details. The Data Collection is available to UK Data Service registered users subject to the <a href="https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/cd137-enduserlicence.pdf" target="_blank">End User Licence Agreement</a>.Commercial use of the data and use of the data by commercial users requires approval from the data owner or their nominee. The UK Data Service will contact you. See <restrctn> https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/learning-hub/students/resources/quick-start-bsa/ https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=58 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=123 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=38 https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/bounce?type=case-study&id=151 https://natcen.ac.uk/flagship-surveys Tanner, W., Krasniqi, F., Blagden, J. (2021) 'Age of alienation: the collapse in community and belonging among young people, and how we should respond', Onward. https://www.ukonward.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Age-of-Alienation.pdf https://www.ukonward.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Age-of-Alienation.pdf Heller, A. L. (2021) 'Public support for electoral reform: the role of electoral system experience', Electoral Studies, 72. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102348 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102348 Begum, S. and Williams, M. (2023) 'Dear Stephen: Race and belonging 30 years on', The Runnymede Trust https://www.runnymedetrust.org/publications/dear-stephen-race-and-belonging-30-years-on Cooper, C.H.V., Fahey, K. and Jones, R. (2025) 'Biased perceptions of public opinion don't define echo chambers but reveal systematic differences in political awareness', PLOS ONE, 20(6): e0324507.doi:0.1371/journal.pone.0324507 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324507 https://oai.ukdataservice.ac.uk:8443/oai/provider 3572 2025-09-26T03:37:14Z ddi:codebook:2_5