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          <titl xml:lang="en">Median Pitch Data for Native and Non-Native Plain and Lombard Speech</titl>
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        <titl xml:lang="en">Median Pitch Data for Native and Non-Native Plain and Lombard Speech</titl>
        <IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="DOI">doi:10.17026/DANS-XYQ-27CD</IDNo><IDNo xml:lang="en">638827</IDNo><IDNo xml:lang="en" agency="DANS-KNAW">easy-dataset:163032</IDNo>
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        <AuthEnty affiliation="Radboud University" xml:lang="en">K.P. Marcoux
        </AuthEnty><AuthEnty affiliation="Radboud University" xml:lang="en">M.T.C. Ernestus
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        <prodDate xml:lang="en">2019-01-01</prodDate>
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        <distrbtr xml:lang="en">DANS Data Station Social Sciences and Humanities</distrbtr>
        <distDate xml:lang="en" date="2019-12-11">2019-12-11</distDate>
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        <keyword xml:lang="en">Social Sciences</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en">Lombard speech</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en">Native speakers</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en">Non-native speakers</keyword><keyword xml:lang="en">Pitch</keyword>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en">&lt;p&gt;"Lombard speech, speech produced in noise, is typically produced with a higher fundamental frequency (F0, pitch) compared to speech in quiet. This paper examined the potential differences in native and non-native Lombard speech by analyzing median pitch in sentences with early- or late-focus produced in quiet and noise. We found an increase in pitch in late-focus sentences in noise for Dutch speakers in both English and Dutch, and for American-English speakers in English. These results show that non-native speakers produce Lombard speech, despite their higher cognitive load. For the early-focus sentences, we found a difference between the Dutch and the American-English speakers. Whereas the Dutch showed an increased F0 in noise in English and Dutch, the American-English speakers did not in English. Together, these results suggest that some acoustic characteristics of Lombard speech, such as pitch, may be language-specific, potentially resulting in the native language influencing the nonnative Lombard speech."  - Taken from the abstract of "Pitch in Native and Non-Native Lombard Speech"&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
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